Searched for: author%3A%22Happee%2C+R.%22
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Oskina, M.I. (author), Farah, H. (author), Morsink, Peter (author), Happee, R. (author), van Arem, B. (author)
The operation of automated vehicles (AVs) on shared roads requires attention concerning their interactions with vulnerable road users (VRUs), such as cyclists. This study investigates the safety of cyclists when they interact with an AV and compares it with their interaction with a conventional vehicle. Overall, 29 cyclists participated in a...
journal article 2023
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Shyrokau, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Current lane-based microscopic traffic simulators combine car-following and lane changing logic to describe the (often discrete) lateral vehicle motion on multi-lane road segments. However, the simulated lateral trajectories are physically unplausible and inside-lane behavior such as lane-keeping and curve negotiation cannot be modelled. In this...
journal article 2021
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Malmsten, Victor (author), van Arem, B. (author), Liu, Peng (author), Happee, R. (author)
The present study investigated the attitudes and acceptance of automated shuttles in public transport among 340 individuals physically experiencing the automated shuttle ‘Emily’ from Easymile in a mixed traffic environment on the semi-public EUREF (Europäisches Energieforum) campus in Berlin. Automated vehicle acceptance was modelled as a...
journal article 2021
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Farah, H. (author), Bhusari, Shubham (author), van Gent, P. (author), Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Morsink, Peter (author), Happee, R. (author), van Arem, B. (author)
Lower levels of automation are designed to work in specific conditions referred to as the Operational Design Domain (ODD). Beyond these conditions, the human driver is expected to take control. A mismatch between a driver's understanding and expectations of the automated vehicle capabilities and its actual capabilities as prescribed in the...
journal article 2020
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Madigan, Ruth (author), van Arem, B. (author), Merat, Natasha (author), Happee, R. (author)
The study investigated the interrelationships between the UTAUT2 (Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology) constructs predicting intentions to use driverless automated shuttles. Survey data was gathered from individuals physically experiencing an automated shuttle in a mixed traffic environment on public roads in Trikala (Greece)...
journal article 2020
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Existing microscopic traffic models represent the lane-changing maneuver as a continuous and uninterrupted lateral movement of the vehicle from its original to the target lane. We term this representation as Continuous Lane-Changing (CLC). Recent empirical studies find that not all lane-changing maneuvers are continuous; the lane-changer may...
journal article 2020
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
We present a simulation-based approach to assess the safety impacts of vehicles equipped with Automated Driving Systems (ADS) in mixed traffic with Human-driven Vehicles (HV). Specifically, we compare two generic longitudinal strategies of ADS to handle a cut-in: Reactive ADS acting only when the cut-in vehicle crosses the target lane boundary,...
journal article 2020
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
A necessary condition for the effective integration of automated vehicles in our daily lives is their acceptance by passengers inside and pedestrians and cyclists outside the automated vehicle. 119 respondents experienced an automated shuttle ride with a ‘hidden steward on board’ in a mixed traffic environment in Berlin-Schöneberg. A mixed...
journal article 2020
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), He, X. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
We present an approach to assess the risk taken by on-road vehicles within the framework of artificial field theory, envisioned for safety analysis and design of driving support/automation applications. Here, any obstacle (neighboring entity on the road) to the subject vehicle is treated as a finite scalar risk field that is formulated in the...
journal article 2020
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Wang, M. (author), van Maarseveen, Sander (author), Happee, R. (author), Tool, Onno (author), van Arem, B. (author)
Truck platooning attracts considerable attention thanks to the promising fuel consumption benefits and business model. Nevertheless, concerns over the influence of long truck platoons on other traffic are raised by road operators. It is intriguing to understand under what conditions truck platooning will influence other traffic and what are...
journal article 2019
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Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Payre, William (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
In the future, automated shuttles may provide on-demand transport and serve as feeders to public transport systems. However, automated shuttles will only become widely used if they are accepted by the public. This paper presents results of an interview study with 30 users of an automated shuttle on the EUREF (Europäisches Energieforum) campus in...
journal article 2019
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Nordhoff, S. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Automated vehicle acceptance (AVA) is a necessary condition for the realisation of higher-level objectives such as improvements in road safety, reductions in traffic congestion and environmental pollution. On the basis of a systematic literature review of 124 empirical studies, the present study proposes MAVA, a multi-level model to predict...
review 2019
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Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Shuttles that operate without an onboard driver are currently being developed and tested in various projects worldwide. However, there is a paucity of knowledge on the determinants of acceptance of driverless shuttles in large cross-national samples. In the present study, we surveyed 10,000 respondents on the acceptance of driverless vehicles...
journal article 2018
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Nordhoff, S. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Madigan, Ruth (author), Merat, Natasha (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Automated shuttles are now in a prototyping phase in several research projects. However, there is still a paucity of knowledge on the acceptance of these shuttles. This paper presents the results of a questionnaire study among individuals (n = 384) who physically experienced an automated shuttle on an office campus in Berlin-Schöneberg. The...
journal article 2018
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
conference paper 2018
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Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Wang, M. (author), Farah, H. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Safety measurement and analysis have been a challenging and well-researched topic in transportation. Conventionally, surrogate safety measures have been used as safety indicators in simulation models for safety assessment, in control formulations for driver assistance systems, and in data analysis of naturalistic driving studies. However,...
conference paper 2017
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Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, N. (author), Bellet, T. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Brookhuis, K.A. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Bengler, K. (author), Andersson, J. (author), Merat, N. (author), Reed, N. (author), Flament, M. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Happee, R. (author)
Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify...
journal article 2017
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Wang, M. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Daamen, W. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
This contribution puts forward a flexible approach to model the decision-making or design controller for automated driving systems, where tactical-level lane change decisions and control-level accelerations are jointly evaluated based on iteratively solving an online optimization problem. The key idea is that automated vehicles determine lane...
conference paper 2016
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Nordhoff, S. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
This paper represents a synthesis of existing empirical acceptance studies on automated driving and scientific literature on technology acceptance. The objective of this paper is to study user acceptance of driverless vehicles that fall into SAE level 4, as they operate within the constraints of dedicated infrastructure. The review indicates...
conference paper 2016
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Wang, M. (author), Hoogendoorn, S.P. (author), Daamen, W. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Shyrokau, B. (author), Happee, R. (author)
A novel strategy to enhance string stability of autonomous vehicles with sensor delay and actuator lag is proposed based on a model predictive control framework. To compensate sensor delay, the approach entails estimating the (unknown) system state at the current time using the system state in a previous time, the applied control history and a...
journal article 2016
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