Searched for: author%3A%22Happee%2C+R.%22
(1 - 13 of 13)
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Jain, V. (author), Kumar, Sandeep Suresh (author), Papaioannou, G. (author), Happee, R. (author), Shyrokau, B. (author)
In the transition from partial to high automation, occupants will no longer be actively involved in driving. This will allow the use of travel time for work or leisure, where high comfort levels preventing motion sickness are required. In this paper, an optimal trajectory planning algorithm is presented in order to minimise motion sickness in...
journal article 2023
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He, X. (author), Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Wang, M. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Perceived risk and trust are crucial for user acceptance of driving automation. In this study, we identify important predictors of perceived risk and trust in a driving simulator experiment and develop models through stepwise regression to predict event-based changes in perceived risk and trust. 25 participants were tasked to monitor SAE...
journal article 2022
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Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Gentner, Alexandre (author), Happee, R. (author)
To encourage appropriate use of driving automation, we need to understand and monitor driver's trust and risk perception. We examined (1) how trust and perceived risk are affected by automation, driving conditions and experience and (2) how well perceived risk can be inferred from behaviour and physiology at three levels: over traffic...
journal article 2022
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Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)
In highly automated driving, drivers occasionally need to take over control of the car due to limitations of the automated driving system. Research has shown that visually distracted drivers need about 7 s to regain situation awareness (SA). However, it is unknown whether the presence of a hazard affects SA. In the present experiment, 32...
journal article 2020
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Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)
For transitions of control in automated vehicles, driver monitoring systems (DMS) may need to discern task difficulty and driver preparedness. Such DMS require models that relate driving scene components, driver effort, and eye measurements. Across two sessions, 15 participants enacted receiving control within 60 randomly ordered dashcam videos ...
journal article 2020
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Zhang, Bo (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Varotto, S.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Martens, Marieke (author)
An important question in automated driving research is how quickly drivers take over control of the vehicle in response to a critical event or a take-over request. Although a large number of studies have been performed, results vary strongly. In this study, we investigated mean take-over times from 129 studies with SAE level 2 automation or...
journal article 2019
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Zhang, Bo (author), Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Martens, Marieke (author)
In the context of automated driving, a monitoring request (MR) is a means to prepare drivers for a take-over event. However, driver compliance may be an issue because not all MRs require a take-over. In this study, we investigated how drivers’ compliance with MRs was associated with previously experienced scenarios. The compliance level was...
conference paper 2019
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Stapel, J.C.J. (author), Mullakkal-Babu, F.A. (author), Happee, R. (author)
Driver mental workload is an important factor in the operational safety of automated driving. In this study, workload was evaluated subjectively (NASA R-TLX) and objectively (auditory detection-response task) on Dutch public highways (∼150 km) comparing manual and supervised automated driving in a Tesla Model S with moderators automation...
journal article 2019
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Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Stanton, N. (author), Bellet, T. (author), van Arem, B. (author), Brookhuis, K.A. (author), Martens, M.H. (author), Bengler, K. (author), Andersson, J. (author), Merat, N. (author), Reed, N. (author), Flament, M. (author), Hagenzieker, Marjan (author), Happee, R. (author)
Automated driving can fundamentally change road transportation and improve quality of life. However, at present, the role of humans in automated vehicles (AVs) is not clearly established. Interviews were conducted in April and May 2015 with 12 expert researchers in the field of human factors (HFs) of automated driving to identify...
journal article 2017
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Happee, R. (author), Gold, Christian (author), Radlmayr, Jonas (author), Hergeth, Sebastian (author), Bengler, Klaus (author)
We investigated after effects of automation in take-over scenarios in a high-end moving-base driving simulator. Drivers performed evasive manoeuvres encountering a blocked lane in highway driving. We compared the performance of drivers 1) during manual driving, 2) after automated driving with eyes on the road while performing the cognitively...
journal article 2017
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Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)
This study presents a numerical model that describes the dynamic process of building situation awareness after an automation-initiated transition. The model predicts the level of situation awareness as a function of elapsed time since the transition, and is verified using data from an experiment in which participants watched animated video...
conference paper 2017
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Lu, Z. (author), Happee, R. (author), Cabrall, C.D.D. (author), Kyriakidis, M. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)
The topic of transitions in automated driving is becoming important now that cars are automated to ever greater extents. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to support and align human factors research on transitions in automated driving. Driving states are defined based on the allocation of primary driving tasks (i.e., lateral control,...
journal article 2016
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Manca, L. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author)
This paper presents the results of a literature survey on visual displays used in automated driving. We describe six visual display designs: (1) a display with three main components, (2) a bird’s-eye view display, (3) an informative speedometer, (4) a head-up display, (5) eye-catching lights for informing, and (6) eye-catching lights for guiding...
conference paper 2015
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