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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Mehta, D. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)We present an effective design of a hydraulic, polymetallic nodule collector, which fundamentally depends on the Coandă effect in harvesting nodules. The design was first developed based on 2D numerical simulations conducted using a computational fluid dynamics tool, ANSYS FLUENT. Following that, the design was tested in full-scale experiments,...journal article 2023
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)To date, hydraulic collection is the most widely considered technology in polymetallic-nodule mining, since there is no direct contact between hydraulic collectors and ocean floor. To construct a hydraulic collector that results in the least sediment disturbance, it is critical to develop an insightful understanding of the interaction between...journal article 2023
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Yan, Y. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Carr, Michael (author), Wheeler, Craig (author), Schott, D.L. (author)A convex pattern surface has been proposed and optimized to reduce sliding wear of bulk handling equipment by adjusting the flow behaviour of bulk material. This study aims at modelling the surface deformation of the convex pattern sample to investigate how effectively the sample reduces sliding wear. Archard wear model and a deformable...journal article 2023
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Huang, Ziyang (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)We have developed and investigated a hydrodynamic model of Deep-Sea Mining (DSM) collector turbidity flows that captures sediment particle aggregation and breakup. Flocculation is expected to have a significant impact on determining the spread patterns of the turbidity flows and the resulting turbidity currents. The recently validated drift...journal article 2023
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Yan, Y. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Schott, D.L. (author)Sliding wear of bulk handling equipment (e.g., shovel bucket, mill and transfer chute) can be dramatically reduced by using a convex pattern surface compared to a flat surface, by adjusting the flow behavior of particles moving along the convex pattern surface. To study the effect of particle size relative to the dimensions of the convex pattern...journal article 2022
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Yan, Y. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Schott, D.L. (author)The pin-on-disc test is a standard sliding wear test used to analyse sliding properties, including wear contour and wear volume. In this study, long-term laboratory test performance is compared with a short-term numerical model. A discrete element method (DEM) approach combined with an Archard wear model and a deformable geometry technique is...journal article 2022
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Helmons, R.L.J. (author), de Wit, Lynyrd (author), de Stigter, Henko (author), Spearman, Jeremy (author)Over the past decade, deep-sea mining (DSM) has received renewed interest due to scarcity of raw materials. Deep-sea mining has been spurred by the need for critical resources to support growing populations, urbanization, high-tech applications and the development of a green energy economy. Nevertheless, an improved understanding of how mining...review 2022
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Renewable energy installations and energy storage solutions require significant quantities of critical raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and rare earth metals. The supply chains of these raw materials face many difficulties, such as the continuous decrease of mineral ore grades on land. In view of these complications, the motivation to...journal article 2022
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Ali, W. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Kirichek, Alex (author), Chassagne, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Flocculation between inorganic sediment, salt ions and microscopic organic<br/>matter present in the marine environment might play an important role in the<br/>dynamics of turbidity currents. The ability to predict, understand, and potentially<br/>leverage the effect of flocculation on turbidity currents will help to minimize the<br/>impact of...journal article 2022
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), de Jonge, Laurens (author), Boomsma, W.B.A. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Polymetallic nodules are potato-sized rock accretions that form on vast areas of the abyssal plains of the global ocean. These nodules are rich in commercially precious metals, such as nickel, cobalt and copper, making them a target for potential future deep-sea exploitation. Generally, polymetallic nodules are partially buried in the seabed...conference paper 2022
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Helmons, R.L.J. (author)There is an expected increase in demand of critical raw materials, e.g. nickel and cobalt, mainly driven by the shift towards renewable energy solutions and the increase in production of electric vehicles. That trend has raised the interests for the mining of polymetallic nodules. The most extensive nodule depostions are found on the abyssal...conference paper 2022
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Owing to the absence of direct contact between hydraulic polymetallic-nodule collectors and seabed, hydraulic collection is deemed, from an environmental point of view, the most preferred technique in nodule mining. To design a hydraulic collector that results in minimum sediment disturbance, it is crucial to develop a solid understanding of the...conference paper 2022
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Weaver, P. P.E. (author), Aguzzi, J. (author), Boschen-Rose, R. E. (author), Colaço, A. (author), de Stigter, H. (author), Gollner, S. (author), Haeckel, M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Thomsen, L. (author)Deep-sea mining may be just a few years away and yet society is struggling to assess the positive aspects, such as increasing the supply of metals for battery production to fuel the green revolution, versus the potentially large environmental impacts. Mining of polymetallic (manganese) nodules from the deep ocean is likely to be the first...journal article 2022
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Viset, F.M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Kok, M. (author)We present a computationally efficient algorithm for using variations in the ambient magnetic field to compensate for position drift in integrated odometry measurements (dead-reckoning estimates) through simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). When the magnetic field map is represented with a reduced-rank Gaussian process (GP) using...journal article 2022
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Ali, W. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Kirichek, Alex (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Chassagne, C. (author)For green energy transition, the industry seeks alternative resources for nickel and cobalt, the main ingredients for energy storage devices and other applications. Polymetallic nodules lying at the abyssal plain are rich in these mineral resources, which leads to an increased interest in deep-sea mining (DSM) of polymetallic nodules. During the...conference paper 2022
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Bedón Vásquez, A.A. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author)Renewable energy installations and energy storage solutions require a significant amount of critical raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements. The supply chains of these raw materials face many challenges, e.g., these materials are often found at lower grades on land. These complications motivate the search for new resources....conference paper 2022
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Yan, Y. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Wheeler, Craig (author), Schott, D.L. (author)A previous study revealed that a convex pattern surface can reduce sliding wear of a transfer chute. A convex pattern surface is a flat surface outfitted with a pattern of convexes defined by five parameters. A three-level definitive screening design (DSD) method combined with discrete element method (DEM) is used to investigate the influence...journal article 2021
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author)The interest in polymetallic nodule mining has considerably increased in the last few decades. This has been largely driven by population growth and the need to move towards a green future, which requires strategic raw materials. Deep-Sea Mining (DSM) is a potential source of such key materials. While harvesting the ore from the deep sea by a...journal article 2021
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Mohajeri, M. (author), de Kluijver, Wilbert (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Schott, D.L. (author)The traditional design approach of grabs and other bulk handling equipment consists of manufacturing and testing physical prototypes. A novel design approach is to use a co-simulation of MultiBody Dynamics (MBD) and Discrete Element Method (DEM), in which the virtual prototype of a new concept interacts with bulk solids. Therefore, this study...journal article 2021
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Mohajeri, M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Schott, D.L. (author)The computation time of Discrete Element Method (DEM) simulations increases exponentially when particle size is reduced or the number of particles increased. This critical challenge limits the use of DEM simulation for industrial applications, such as powder flow in silos. Scaling techniques can offer a solution to reduce computation time. In...journal article 2020
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