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den Heijer, F. (author), Kok, M. (author)A system of dikes in flood-prone areas continuously requires measures to mitigate changes such as ageing and climate change. Planning costly measures requires proper insight into system risk effects. Especially in a riverine dike system, the risk contributions of individual assets to the system flood risks are not independent, because...journal article 2023
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Kok, M. (author), Slager, Kymo (author), de Moel, Hans (author), Botzen, Wouter (author), de Bruijn, Karin (author), Wagenaar, Dennis (author), Rikkert, S.J.H. (author), Koks, Elco (author), van Ginkel, Kees (author)The floods in the Netherlands in the summer of 2021 led to severe economic damage and losses in the affected area. A first estimate in September 2021 showed that more than 2,500 houses, more than 5,000 inhabitants and around 600 businesses were affected. Using the Dutch standard Flood Damage and Loss Model (SSM2017), and based on figures from...journal article 2023
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Klerk, W.J. (author), van Bergeijk, Vera (author), Kanning, W. (author), Wolfert, A.R.M. (author), Kok, M. (author)The condition of flood defence revetments is influenced by many different degradation processes such as animal burrowing, rutting and growth of weeds. Many of these processes are shock-based rather than progressive continuous. As shocks can cause a drop in performance, this means that the condition of a revetment can suddenly decrease,...journal article 2023
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Viset, F.M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Kok, M. (author)Accurately estimating the positions of multi-agent systems in indoor environments is challenging due to the lack of Global Navigation Satelite System (GNSS) signals. Noisy measurements of position and orientation can cause the integrated position estimate to drift without bound. Previous research has proposed using magnetic field simultaneous...conference paper 2023
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Edridge, T.I. (author), Kok, M. (author)Ferromagnetic materials in indoor environments give rise to disturbances in the ambient magnetic field. Maps of these magnetic disturbances can be used for indoor localisation. A Gaussian process can be used to learn the spatially varying magnitude of the magnetic field using magnetometer measurements and information about the position of the...conference paper 2023
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Menzen, C.M. (author), Fetter, Marnix (author), Kok, M. (author)We present a mapping algorithm to compute large-scale magnetic field maps in indoor environments with approximate Gaussian process (GP) regression. Mapping the spatial variations in the ambient magnetic field can be used for 10-calization algorithms in indoor areas. To compute such a map, GP regression is a suitable tool because it provides...conference paper 2023
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Skog, Isaac (author), Hendeby, Gustaf (author), Kok, M. (author)A framework for tightly integrated motion mode classification and state estimation in motion-constrained inertial navigation systems is presented. The framework uses a jump Markov model to describe the navigation system's motion mode and navigation state dynamics with a single model. A bank of Kalman filters is then used for joint inference...conference paper 2023
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Chiasson, David (author), Lin, Yuan (author), Kok, M. (author), Shull, Peter (author)Hyperbolic localization measures the time difference of arrivals (TDOAs) of signals to determine the location of a wireless source or receiver. Traditional methods depend on precise clock synchronization between nodes so that time measurements from independent devices can be meaningfully compared. Imperfect synchronization is often the dominant...journal article 2023
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Endendijk, Thijs (author), Botzen, W. J. Wouter (author), de Moel, Hans (author), Aerts, Jeroen C. J. H. (author), Slager, Kymo (author), Kok, M. (author)Flood events are expected to increase in their frequency and severity, which results in higher flood risk without additional adaptation measures. The information gained from flood risk models is essential in effective disaster risk management. However, vulnerability estimations are often a large driver of uncertainty, and flood damage is...journal article 2023
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Pol, J.C. (author), Kindermann, P.E. (author), van der Krogt, M.G. (author), van Bergeijk, Vera M. (author), Remmerswaal, G. (author), Kanning, W. (author), Jonkman, Sebastiaan N. (author), Kok, M. (author)Structural reliability analysis often considers failure mechanisms as correlated but non-interacting processes. Interacting failure mechanisms affect each others performance, and thereby the system reliability. We describe such interactions in the context of flood defenses, and analyze under which conditions such interactions have a large impact...journal article 2023
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Endendijk, Thijs (author), Botzen, W.J. Wouter (author), de Moel, Hans (author), Aerts, Jeroen C.J.H. (author), Duijndam, Sem J. (author), Slager, Kymo (author), Kolen, B. (author), Kok, M. (author)This study provides an overview of the impact of the 2021 Summer floods in the Netherlands and the assessment of the effectiveness of various adaptation measures, evacuation strategies, and their impact on society. The floods were characterized by record rainfall in the cross-border region of the Meuse and Rhine basins and resulted in...journal article 2023
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- Särkkä, Simo (author), Roininen, Lassi (author), Kok, M. (author), Hostettler, Roland (author), Hauptmann, Andreas (author) contribution to periodical 2022
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Viset, F.M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Kok, M. (author)We present a computationally efficient algorithm for using variations in the ambient magnetic field to compensate for position drift in integrated odometry measurements (dead-reckoning estimates) through simultaneous localization and mapping (SLAM). When the magnetic field map is represented with a reduced-rank Gaussian process (GP) using...journal article 2022
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- Strijker, B. (author), Kok, M. (author) conference paper 2022
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- Kok, M. (author) book chapter 2022
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den Heijer, F. (author), Kok, M. (author)Dikes are an effective flood risk reduction measure in deltaic areas. Present risk analyses consist often of decoupled calculations of probabilities of dike failure and calculation of consequences of flooding given dike failure. However, the flood defense design determines not only the probability of failure, but influences the consequences...journal article 2022
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Kok, M. (author)Risk-informed decision-making needs methods for assessing flood risk, and often the flooding probability and the consequences of floods (such as economic damage and fatalities) play an important role in the risk assessment. Also, measures to reduce the flood risk need to be formulated, in order to make a risk-informed decision, whether to...book chapter 2022
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Kok, M. (author), Viset, F.M. (author), Osman, M.E.A. (author)In this work, our focus is on indoor localization using the indoor magnetic field as a source of position information. This relies on the fact that ferromagnetic materials inside buildings cause the magnetic field to vary spatially. We jointly estimate the pose of a combined sensor module (containing a magnetometer) as well as the magnetic field...conference paper 2022
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Rikkert, S.J.H. (author), Kok, M. (author), Lendering, K.T. (author), Jongejan, R.B. (author)Flood prone areas are often protected against flooding by an extensive network of flood defenses. To ensure their structural integrity, these flood defenses are periodically assessed. Many levees have been functioning well for decades, and have survived several relatively high hydraulic loads within their lifetime. However, information on...journal article 2022
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Osman, M.E.A. (author), Viset, F.M. (author), Kok, M. (author)In this paper, a simultaneous localization and mapping algorithm for tracking the motion of a pedestrian with a foot-mounted inertial measurement unit is proposed. The algorithm uses two maps, namely, a motion map and a magnetic field map. The motion map captures typical motion patterns of pedestrians in buildings that are constrained by e.g....conference paper 2022