Lithological control on scour hole formation in the Rhine-Meuse Estuary

River deltas commonly have a heterogeneous substratum of alternating peat, clay and sand deposits. This has important consequences for the river bed development and in particular for scour hole formation. When the substratum consists of an erosion resistant top layer, erosion is retarded. Upon breaking through a resistant top layer and...

The development of scour holes in a tidal area with heterogeneous subsoil under anthropogenic influence

Variable flows and fast morphological changes characterize the river system of Bangladesh, which includes the downstream reaches and delta of the Ganges and Brahmaputra rivers, two of the largest rivers in the world. In contrast, fresh water supply around the country largely depends on much smaller distributaries that take off from those large...