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Correction to: Ballistic Majorana nanowire devices (Nature Nanotechnology, (2018), 13, 3, (192-197), 10.1038/s41565-017-0032-8)

Gül, Önder (author), Zhang, H. (author), Bommer, J.D.S. (author), de Moor, M.W.A. (author), Car, Diana (author), Plissard, Sébastien R. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Geresdi, A. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Correction to: Nature Nanotechnologyhttps://doi.org/10.1038/s41565-017-0032-8, published online 15 January 2018. The Letter reports Majorana signatures in hybrid InSb semiconductor nanowire–NbTiN superconductor devices. The devices exhibit a conductance plateau near the conductance quantum 2e²/h at bias voltages above the...

journal article 2024

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Tunable Crossed Andreev Reflection and Elastic Cotunneling in Hybrid Nanowires

Bordin, A. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), Liu, Chun Xiao (author), ten Haaf, S.L.D. (author), van Loo, N. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), Xu, D. (author), van Driel, D. (author), Zatelli, F. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Badawy, Ghada (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Wimmer, M.T. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Dvir, T. (author)

A short superconducting segment can couple attached quantum dots via elastic cotunneling (ECT) and crossed Andreev reflection (CAR). Such coupled quantum dots can host Majorana bound states provided that the ratio between CAR and ECT can be controlled. Metallic superconductors have so far been shown to mediate such tunneling phenomena, albeit...

journal article 2023

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Spin-filtered measurements of Andreev bound states in semiconductor-superconductor nanowire devices

van Driel, D. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), Bordin, A. (author), van Loo, N. (author), Zatelli, F. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), Xu, D. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Badawy, Ghada (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Dvir, T. (author)

Semiconductor nanowires coupled to superconductors can host Andreev bound states with distinct spin and parity, including a spin-zero state with an even number of electrons and a spin-1/2 state with odd-parity. Considering the difference in spin of the even and odd states, spin-filtered measurements can reveal the underlying ground state. To...

journal article 2023

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Impact of Junction Length on Supercurrent Resilience against Magnetic Field in InSb-Al Nanowire Josephson Junctions

Levajac, V. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), van Loo, N. (author), Borsoi, F. (author), Badawy, Ghada (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Heedt, S. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Wang, J. (author)

Semiconducting nanowire Josephson junctions represent an attractive platform to investigate the anomalous Josephson effect and detect topological superconductivity. However, an external magnetic field generally suppresses the supercurrent through hybrid nanowire junctions and significantly limits the field range in which the supercurrent...

journal article 2023

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Realization of a minimal Kitaev chain in coupled quantum dots

Dvir, T. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), van Loo, N. (author), Liu, C. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), Bordin, A. (author), ten Haaf, S.L.D. (author), van Driel, D. (author), Zatelli, F. (author), Li, X. (author), Malinowski, F.K. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Badawy, G.H.A. (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Wimmer, M.T. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Majorana bound states constitute one of the simplest examples of emergent non-Abelian excitations in condensed matter physics. A toy model proposed by Kitaev shows that such states can arise at the ends of a spinless p-wave superconducting chain¹. Practical proposals for its realization^2,3 require coupling neighbouring...

journal article 2023

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Subgap spectroscopy along hybrid nanowires by nm-thick tunnel barriers

Levajac, V. (author), Wang, Ji Yin (author), Sfiligoj, C. (author), Lemang, M.F. (author), Wolff, J.C. (author), Bordin, A. (author), Badawy, G.H.A. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Tunneling spectroscopy is widely used to examine the subgap spectra in semiconductor-superconductor nanostructures when searching for Majorana zero modes (MZMs). Typically, semiconductor sections controlled by local gates at the ends of hybrids serve as tunnel barriers. Besides detecting states only at the hybrid ends, such gate-defined...

journal article 2023

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Variable and Orbital-Dependent Spin-Orbit Field Orientations in an InSb Double Quantum Dot Characterized via Dispersive Gate Sensing

Han, L. (author), Chan, M. (author), de Jong, D. (author), Prosko, C.G. (author), Badawy, Ghada (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Malinowski, F.K. (author), Pfaff, Wolfgang (author)

Utilizing dispersive gate sensing (DGS), we investigate the spin-orbit field (BSO) orientation in a many-electron double quantum dot (DQD) defined in an InSb nanowire. While characterizing the interdot tunnel couplings, we find the measured dispersive signal depends on the electron-charge occupancy, as well as on the amplitude and orientation...

journal article 2023

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Singlet and triplet Cooper pair splitting in hybrid superconducting nanowires

Wang, Guanzhong (author), Dvir, T. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), Liu, C. (author), van Loo, N. (author), ten Haaf, S.L.D. (author), Bordin, A. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Badawy, G.H.A. (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Wimmer, M.T. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

In most naturally occurring superconductors, electrons with opposite spins form Cooper pairs. This includes both conventional s-wave superconductors such as aluminium, as well as high-transition-temperature, d-wave superconductors. Materials with intrinsic p-wave superconductivity, hosting Cooper pairs made of equal-spin electrons, have not...

journal article 2022

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Nonlocal measurement of quasiparticle charge and energy relaxation in proximitized semiconductor nanowires using quantum dots

Wang, Guanzhong (author), Dvir, T. (author), van Loo, N. (author), Mazur, G.P. (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), Badawy, G.H.A. (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), de Lange, G. (author)

The lowest-energy excitations of superconductors do not carry an electric charge, as their wave function is equally electron-like and hole-like. This fundamental property is not easy to study in electrical measurements that rely on the charge to generate an observable signal. The ability of a quantum dot to act as a charge filter enables us...

journal article 2022

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Radio-Frequency C - V Measurements with Subattofarad Sensitivity

Malinowski, F.K. (author), Han, L. (author), de Jong, D. (author), Wang, Ji Yin (author), Prosko, C.G. (author), Krogstrup, Peter (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Koski, Jonne V. (author)

We demonstrate the use of radio-frequency (rf) resonators to measure the capacitance of nanoscale semiconducting devices in field-effect transistor configurations. The rf resonator is attached to the gate or the lead of the device. Consequently, tuning the carrier density in the conducting channel of the device affects the resonance frequency...

journal article 2022

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Transmission phase read-out of a large quantum dot in a nanowire interferometer

Borsoi, F. (author), Zuo, Kun (author), Gazibegovic, Sasa (author), op het Veld, R.L.M. (author), Bakkers, Erik P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Heedt, S. (author)

Detecting the transmission phase of a quantum dot via interferometry can reveal the symmetry of the orbitals and details of electron transport. Crucially, interferometry will enable the read-out of topological qubits based on one-dimensional nanowires. However, measuring the transmission phase of a quantum dot in a nanowire has not yet been...

journal article 2020

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Crossed Andreev reflection in InSb flake Josephson junctions

de Vries, F.K. (author), Sol, M.L. (author), Gazibegovic, S. (author), op het Veld, R.L.M. (author), Balk, S.C. (author), Car, D. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Shen, J. (author)

We study superconducting quantum interference in InSb flake Josephson junctions. An even-odd effect in the amplitude and periodicity of the superconducting quantum interference pattern is found. Interestingly, the occurrence of this pattern coincides with enhanced conduction at both edges of the flake, as is deduced from measuring a...

journal article 2019

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Spin-Orbit Protection of Induced Superconductivity in Majorana Nanowires

Bommer, J.D.S. (author), Zhang, Hao (author), Gül, Önder (author), Nijholt, B. (author), Wimmer, M.T. (author), Rybakov, Filipp N. (author), Garaud, Julien (author), Car, Diana (author), Plissard, Sébastien R. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Spin-orbit interaction (SOI) plays a key role in creating Majorana zero modes in semiconductor nanowires proximity coupled to a superconductor. We track the evolution of the induced superconducting gap in InSb nanowires coupled to a NbTiN superconductor in a large range of magnetic field strengths and orientations. Based on realistic...

journal article 2019

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Magnetic-Field-Resilient Superconducting Coplanar-Waveguide Resonators for Hybrid Circuit Quantum Electrodynamics Experiments

Kroll, J. (author), Borsoi, F. (author), van der Enden, K.L. (author), Uilhoorn, W. (author), de Jong, D. (author), Quintero Perez, M. (author), van Woerkom, D.J. (author), Bruno, A. (author), Plissard, S. R. (author), Car, D. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Cassidy, M.C. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Superconducting coplanar-waveguide resonators that can operate in strong magnetic fields are important tools for a variety of high-frequency superconducting devices. Magnetic fields degrade resonator performance by creating Abrikosov vortices that cause resistive losses and frequency fluctuations or suppress the superconductivity entirely. To...

journal article 2019

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Selective-area chemical beam epitaxy of in-plane InAs one-dimensional channels grown on InP(001), InP(111)B, and InP(011) surfaces

Lee, Joon Sue (author), Koelling, Sebastian (author), Verheijen, Marcel A. (author), Petkovic, Ivana (author), Schaller, V. (author), Marcus, Charles M. (author), Krogstrup, Peter (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author)

We report on the selective-area chemical beam epitaxial growth of InAs in-plane, one-dimensional (1D) channels using patterned SiO2-coated InP(001), InP(111)B, and InP(011) substrates to establish a scalable platform for topological superconductor networks. Top-view scanning electron micrographs show excellent surface selectivity and...

journal article 2019

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Quantized Majorana conductance

Zhang, H. (author), Liu, Chun Xiao (author), Gazibegovic, S. (author), Xu, D. (author), Logan, John A. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), van Loo, N. (author), Bommer, J.D.S. (author), de Moor, M.W.A. (author), Car, D. (author), op het Veld, R.L.M. (author), Van Veldhoven, Petrus J. (author), Kölling, S. (author), Verheijen, M.P.A.M. (author), Pendharkar, Mihir (author), Pennachio, Daniel J. (author), Shojaei, Borzoyeh (author), Lee, Joon Sue (author), Palmstrøm, Chris J. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Sarma, S. Das (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Majorana zero-modes - a type of localized quasiparticle - hold great promise for topological quantum computing. Tunnelling spectroscopy in electrical transport is the primary tool for identifying the presence of Majorana zero-modes, for instance as a zero-bias peak in differential conductance. The height of the Majorana zero-bias peak is...

journal article 2018

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Electric field tunable superconductor-semiconductor coupling in Majorana nanowires

de Moor, M.W.A. (author), Bommer, J.D.S. (author), Xu, D. (author), Winkler, Georg W. (author), Antipov, Andrey E. (author), Bargerbos, A. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), van Loo, N. (author), op het Veld, R.L.M. (author), Gazibegovic, S. (author), Car, D. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Zhang, H. (author)

We study the effect of external electric fields on superconductor-semiconductor coupling by measuring the electron transport in InSb semiconductor nanowires coupled to an epitaxially grown Al superconductor. We find that the gate voltage induced electric fields can greatly modify the coupling strength, which has consequences for the proximity...

journal article 2018

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Parity transitions in the superconducting ground state of hybrid InSb-Al Coulomb islands

Shen, J. (author), Heedt, S. (author), Borsoi, F. (author), van Heck, B. (author), Gazibegovic, S. (author), op het Veld, R.L.M. (author), Car, D. (author), Ramakers, S.J.J. (author), Wang, Guanzhong (author), Xu, D. (author), Bouman, D. (author), Geresdi, A. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

The number of electrons in small metallic or semiconducting islands is quantised. When tunnelling is enabled via opaque barriers this number can change by an integer. In superconductors the addition is in units of two electron charges (2e), reflecting that the Cooper pair condensate must have an even parity. This ground state (GS) is...

journal article 2018

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Spin-Orbit Interaction and Induced Superconductivity in a One-Dimensional Hole Gas

de Vries, F.K. (author), Shen, J. (author), Skolasinski, R.J. (author), Nowak, M.P. (author), Varjas, D. (author), Wang, L. (author), Wimmer, M.T. (author), Zwanenburg, F.A. (author), Li, A. (author), Kölling, S. (author), Verheijen, M.P.A.M. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author)

Low dimensional semiconducting structures with strong spin-orbit interaction (SOI) and induced superconductivity attracted great interest in the search for topological superconductors. Both the strong SOI and hard superconducting gap are directly related to the topological protection of the predicted Majorana bound states. Here we explore the...

journal article 2018

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Majorana zero modes in superconductor–semiconductor heterostructures

Lutchyn, R. M. (author), Bakkers, E.P.A.M. (author), Kouwenhoven, Leo P. (author), Krogstrup, P. (author), Marcus, C.M. (author), Oreg, Y. (author)

Realizing topological superconductivity and Majorana zero modes in the laboratory is a major goal in condensed-matter physics. In this Review, we survey the current status of this rapidly developing field, focusing on proposals for the realization of topological superconductivity in semiconductor–superconductor heterostructures. We examine...

journal article 2018