Extending the Open-Short de-embedding frequency via metal-l on-wafer calibration approaches

In this contribution, We analyze the bandwidth versus accuracy trade-offs of conventional two-step de-embedding approaches, often employed to extract the device model parameters. The accuracy limitation of incorporating the pad/line section of classical DUT test-fixtures into shunt-series complex and frequency-dependent elements is analyzed by...

Porosity of spacer-filled channels in spiral-wound membrane systems: Quantification methods and impact on hydraulic characterization

The porosity of spacer-filled feed channels influences the hydrodynamics of spiral-wound membrane systems and impacts the overall performance of the system. Therefore, an exact measurement and a detailed understanding of the impact of the feed channel porosity is required to understand and improve the hydrodynamics of spiral-wound membrane...

Modeling the green building (GB) investment decisions of developers and end-users with transaction costs (TCs) considerations

The paper, through a “regenerative” lens, has focused upon a new conceptual game system involving transaction costs (TCs) for creating a more accessible green buildings (GB) market. Individual stakeholders steadfastly guard their own interests in any investment decision, which seldom considers any positive gains to society. Green buildings,...