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Liu, L. (author), Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Lekic, A. (author)This paper presents the modular-multilevel-converter (MMC) control interoperability (IOP) and interaction within the High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC)-based power system. IOP is a crucial issue in the large-scale HVDC grid with different suppliers. To accommodate future multi-vendor HVDC grids developments, this article comprehensively...journal article 2023
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Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Liu, L. (author), Lekic, A. (author), Popov, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)Meshed offshore grids (MOGs) present a viable option for a reliable bulk power transmission topology. The station-level control of MOGs requires faster dynamics along with multiple objective functions, which is realized by the model predictive control (MPC). This paper provides control, and protection design for the Modular Multilevel...journal article 2023
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Liu, L. (author), Xie, F. (author), Popov, M. (author), Hao, Zhiguo (author), Lekić, A. (author)This article presents an accurate DC fault location method that applies parameter fitting. This technique first discusses the traveling wave (TW) propagation process in the decoupled line-mode network. We obtain the exact fault distance equation based on the analytical expressions for the wavefront of backward line-mode voltage TW. The adaptive...conference paper 2023
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Liu, Zhou (author), Mirhosseini, S.S. (author), Liu, L. (author), Popov, M. (author), Ma, Kaiqi (author), Hu, Weihao (author), Jamali, Sadegh (author), Palensky, P. (author), Chen, Zhe (author)To promote the integration of renewable energy resources into modern energy systems, high-voltage dc (HVdc) and circuit breaker (CB) technologies have become critical to achieving secure and efficient energy transmission. This article reviews the technical development of the related areas, compares diverse breaker concepts and topologies,...journal article 2022
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Liu, L. (author), Lekic, A. (author), Popov, M. (author)Due to its excellent performance, VSC-based high voltage direct current (HVDC) power systems draw significant attention. They are being heavily used in modern industrial applications, such as onshore and offshore wind farms, and for interconnection between asynchronous networks. However, the traditional proportional-integral (PI) control...conference paper 2022
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Tuinema, B.W. (author), Ebrahim Adabi, M. (author), Ayivor, P.K.S. (author), Garcia Suarez, V. (author), Liu, L. (author), Perilla Guerra, A.D. (author), Ahmad, Z. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author), Palensky, P. (author)Hydrogen as an energy carrier holds promising potential for future power systems. An excess of electrical power from renewables can be stored as hydrogen, which can be used at a later moment by industries, households or the transportation system. The stability of the power system could also benefit from electrolysers as these have the...journal article 2020
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Liu, L. (author)In recent decades, the electrical power system has evolved into a new phase, in which the renewable energy resources are massively integrated into the grid. This change is mainly inspired by global policies that intend to reduce greenhouse gas emissions and decrease the society’s reliance on fossil fuels by replacing them with sustainable energy...doctoral thesis 2019
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Liu, L. (author), Ma, Yaoming (author), Menenti, M. (author), Zhang, Xinzhong (author), Ma, Weiqiang (author)Snowfall and the subsequent evolution of the snowpack play important roles in the cryospheric and hydrospheric processes that occur on the Tibetan Plateau (TP). Current literature provides scarce evidence covering the sensitivity of solid precipitation to land surface physics schemes and initial and boundary conditions on the TP. Six numerical...journal article 2019
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Naglic, M. (author), Liu, L. (author), Tyuryukanov, I. (author), Popov, M. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author), Terzija, V. (author)In electric power system, disturbance detection has become an important part of grid operation and refers to the detection of a voltage and current excursion caused by the wide variety of electromagnetic phenomena. This paper proposes a computationally efficient and robust algorithm for synchronized measurement technology (SMT) supported...journal article 2018
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Liu, L. (author), Qu, B. (author), Chen, Bin (author), Hanjalic, A. (author), Wang, H. (author)Traces of user activities recorded in online social networks open new possibilities to systematically understand the information diffusion process on social networks. From the online social network WeChat, we collected a large number of information cascade trees, each of which tells the spreading trajectory of a message/information such as which...journal article 2018
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Liu, L. (author), Liu, S. (author), Popov, M. (author)The widely acknowledged high-voltage direct current (HVDC) technology has now been accepted as a solution of connecting renewable energy sources. However, this technology is vulnerable when facing DC-side faults; due to<br/>the low DC impedance, the fault current can rise to an extremely high value in a short time. In addition, when building a...journal article 2018
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Liu, L. (author)Humans perform many activities indoors and they show a growing need for indoor navigation, especially in unfamiliar buildings such as airports, museums and hospitals. Complexity of such buildings poses many challenges for building managers and visitors. Indoor navigation services play an important role in supporting these indoor activities....doctoral thesis 2017
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Liu, L. (author), Popov, M. (author), van der Meijden, M.A.M.M. (author), Terzija, Vladimir (author)For the control of high-voltage dc (HVdc) systems, especially for that of the multiterminal HVdc (MTdc) systems, the voltage source converter (VSC) is a good option because of its high controllability. These days, different types of VSC converters have been realized such as the two/three level converter and modular multilevel converter....journal article 2017
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Liu, L. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author), Zhu, Q. (author), Li, K. (author)This paper introduces and compares two types of GML-based data standards for indoor location-based services, i.e., iIndoorGML and iIndoorLocationGML. By elaborating the advantages of the both standards and their data models, we conclude that the two data standards are complementary to each other. A jointed data model is presented to show the...conference paper 2017
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Zhou, Yan (author), Zlatanova, S. (author), Wang, Zhe (author), Zhang, Yeting (author), Liu, L. (author)Video surveillance systems are increasingly used for a variety of 3D indoor applications. We can analyse human behaviour, discover and avoid crowded areas, monitor human traffic and so forth. In this paper we concentrate on use of surveillance cameras to track and reconstruct the path a person has followed. For the purpose we integrated video...journal article 2016
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Liu, L. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author)People often transport objects within indoor environments, who need enough space for the motion. In such cases, the accessibility of indoor spaces relies on the dimensions, which includes a person and her/his operated objects. This paper proposes a new approach to avoid obstacles and compute indoor paths with respect to the user dimension. The...journal article 2015
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Liu, L. (author), Xu, W. (author), Penard, W. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author)In this paper, we leverage spatial model to process indoor localization results and then improve the track consisting of measured locations. We elaborate different parts of spatial model such as geometry, topology and semantics, and then present how they contribute to the processing of indoor tracks. The initial results of our experiment reveal...conference paper 2015
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Zlatanova, S. (author), Liu, L. (author), Sithole, G. (author), Zhao, J. (author), Mortari, F. (author)This report makes an overview of 2D, 2,5D and 3D approaches for indoor space subdivision for the purpose of indoor navigation. The report starts with a conceptual framework for indoor space utilisation. We introduce and elaborate on the concepts of indoor space (navigable and non-navigable), agent, activity, resource and modifier. Using these...report 2014
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Mortari, F. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author), Liu, L. (author), Clementini, E. (author)Over the past few years Personal Navigation Systems have become an established tool for route planning, but they are mainly designed for outdoor environments. Indoor navigation is still a challenging research area for several reasons: positioning is not very accurate, users can freely move between the interior boundaries of buildings, path...conference paper 2014
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Liu, L. (author), Zlatanova, S. (author)Research on indoor navigation models mainly focuses on geometric and logical models .The models are enriched with specific semantic information which supports localisation, navigation and guidance. Geometric models provide information about the structural (physical) distribution of spaces in a building, while logical models indicate...conference paper 2013
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