Design evaluation by combination of repeated evaluation technique and measurement of electrodermal activity

Consumer product design needs design evaluation for obtaining information about consumers’ preferences and liking to optimize market success. Such evaluations are usually conducted in simple single-shot studies where consumers only once have to evaluate, for instance, the attractiveness of a design. However, innovative designs often break common...

Controlling the hydraulic resistance of membrane biofilms by engineering biofilm physical structure

The application of membrane technology for water treatment and reuse is hampered by the development of a microbial biofilm. Biofilm growth in micro-and ultrafiltration (MF/UF) membrane modules, on both the membrane surface and feed spacer, can form a secondary membrane and exert resistance to permeation and crossflow, increasing energy demand...

In vivo, in situ and ex vivo comparison of porcine skin for microprojection array penetration depth, delivery efficiency and elastic modulus assessment

With the development of wearable technologies, the interfacial properties of skin and devices have become much more important. For research and development purposes, porcine skin is often used to evaluate device performance, but the differences between in vivo, in situ and ex vivo porcine skin mechanical properties can potentially misdirect...

Rapid monitoring of cleaning efficiency of fouled hollow fiber membrane module via non-invasive NMR diffraction technique

Early fouling warning is important for the economical operation of membrane separation systems. In parallel multi-channel flow systems, flow re-distribution between channels due to fouling is often associated with maloperation. In the current research we use low magnetic field NMR to monitor multi-fiber hollow fiber membrane modules...

Monitoring residual fouling after cleaning of multi-fiber membrane modules fiber-by-fiber using non-invasive MRI monitoring

In this study non-invasive low field magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) technology was used to monitor fouling induced changes in fiber-by-fiber hydrodynamics inside a multi-fiber hollow fiber membrane module containing 401 fibers. Using structural and velocity images the fouling evolution of these membrane modules were shown to exhibit...