Two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimal bidding strategy of virtual power plant considering distributed generation outage

This paper presents an optimal bidding strategy for a technical and commercial virtual power plant (VPP) in medium-term time horizon. A VPP includes various distributed energy resources (DERs) that can participate in the Pool and Futures markets. Although medium/long-term scheduling provides the opportunity to participate in the futures...

Coordinated expansion planning of transmission and distribution systems integrated with smart grid technologies

Integration of smart grid technologies in distribution systems, particularly behind-the-meter initiatives, has a direct impact on transmission network planning. This paper develops a coordinated expansion planning of transmission and active distribution systems via a stochastic multistage mathematical programming model. In the transmission level...

Coordinated multi-objective scheduling of a multi-energy virtual power plant considering storages and demand response

A virtual power plant (VPP) is a solution that brings distributed generation (DG) resources together and allows them to be optimally utilized to meet load demands in the presence of technical and pollution constraints. Electricity, heat, and natural gas are interdependent at the levels of generation, transmission, and consumption, and the...