Two-stage risk-constrained stochastic optimal bidding strategy of virtual power plant considering distributed generation outage

This paper presents an optimal bidding strategy for a technical and commercial virtual power plant (VPP) in medium-term time horizon. A VPP includes various distributed energy resources (DERs) that can participate in the Pool and Futures markets. Although medium/long-term scheduling provides the opportunity to participate in the futures...

Secure expansion of energy storage and transmission lines considering bundling option under renewable penetration

This paper presents a multi-stage expansion model for the co-planning of transmission lines, battery energy storage (ES), and wind power plants (WPP). High penetration of renewable energy sources (RES) is integrated into the proposed model concerning renewable portfolio standard (RPS) policy goals. The possibility of bundling existing...

An Incentive Mechanism for Electric Vehicles Participation in Security Constrained Unit Commitment of Renewable-Integrated Smart Grids

This article presents an electric vehicle (EV)-integrated security constrained unit commitment (EV-SCUC) based on N−1 criteria for single line outage contingency under intermittency of load and renewable energy sources (RESs). Two EV control mechanisms are proposed. In first, EV balance control, financial targets are prioritized while...

Coordinated expansion planning of transmission and distribution systems integrated with smart grid technologies

Integration of smart grid technologies in distribution systems, particularly behind-the-meter initiatives, has a direct impact on transmission network planning. This paper develops a coordinated expansion planning of transmission and active distribution systems via a stochastic multistage mathematical programming model. In the transmission level...

Coordinated multi-objective scheduling of a multi-energy virtual power plant considering storages and demand response

A virtual power plant (VPP) is a solution that brings distributed generation (DG) resources together and allows them to be optimally utilized to meet load demands in the presence of technical and pollution constraints. Electricity, heat, and natural gas are interdependent at the levels of generation, transmission, and consumption, and the...