Low temperature district heating based on low temperature geothermal heat (30 oC)

A comparative study for a representative case district in the Netherlands with around 2500 dwellings has been executed with the purpose of identifying the best solution for a Low Temperature District Heating (LTDH) with Low Temperature Geothermal Heat (LTGH) as the main heat source. The district is presently connected to the Dutch gas network....

Operational optimization of district heating systems with temperature limited sources

Future district heating systems (DHS) will be supplied by renewable sources, most of which are limited in temperature and flow rate. Therefore, operational optimization of DHS is required to maximize the use of renewable sources and minimize (fossil) peak loads. In this paper, we present a robust and fast model-predictive control approach to...

Convex modeling of pumps in order to optimize their energy use

This study presents convex modeling of drainage pumps so that real-time control systems can be implemented to minimize their energy use. A convex model is built based on pump curves and then used in mixed-integer optimization to allow pumps to be turned on or off. It is implemented as an extension to the open source software package RTC-Tools...

Monitoring and statistical modelling of sedimentation in gully pots

Gully pots are essential assets designed to relief the downstream system by trapping solids and attached pollutants suspended in runoff. This study applied a methodology to develop a quantitative gully pot sedimentation and blockage model. To this end, sediment bed level time series from 300 gully pots, spanning 15 months, were collected. A...

The impact of lateral house connections on the serviceability of sewer systems

It remains unknown how lateral house connections affect the performance of the sewer system, since the assessment of serviceability is mainly based on the state of the main sewer system. Further insight into the contribution of lateral house connections to the overall level of service provided can aid to target investments to parts of the system...

Innovative air vessel design for long distance transmission pipelines

The Shuweihat Water Transmission Scheme (SWTS, UAE) consists of a twin DN1600 DI PN25 pipeline transmitting 150 MIGD over 250 km from Shuweihat Desalination plant to Mussafah (Abu Dhabi city). The Scheme is divided in two subsequent systems, each with a tank farm and a pump station delivering water to downstream terminal reservoirs and direct...

Validation of the surge model and lessons learnt from commissioning of the Shuweihat water transmission scheme, UAE

This paper presents a validation of the surge modeling results as well as lessons learnt from the commissioning test of the Shuweihat Water Transmission Scheme in the UAE. The Scheme is divided in two systems, The first system (Lot A) transmits water from Shuweihat to Mirfa (100 km). The second (Lot C) is from Mirfa to Mussafah (150 km). The...

Guidelines for transient analysis in water transmission and distribution systems

All water systems leak, and many supply systems do so considerably, with water losses typically of approximately 20% of the water production. The IWA Water Loss Task Force aims for a significant reduction of annual water losses by drafting documents to assist practitioners and others to prevent, monitor and mitigate water losses in water...

Congresverslag Urban Drainage Modelling 9 te Belgrado

Van 3 tot en met 7 september 2012 is de negende Urban Drainage Modelling conferentie gehouden in Belgrado, de hoofdstad van Seme. Hieronder volgt een verslag van de indrukken die zijn opgedaan in Servië en de belangrijkste, wetenschappelijke ontwikkelingen die aan de orde zijn gekomen. Het congres had een vol wetenschappelijk programma, mede...

Guidelines for transient analysis in water transmission and distribution systems

Air pocket removal from downward sloping pipes

Air-water flow is an undesired condition in water pipelines and hydropower tunnels. Water pipelines and wastewater pressure mains in particular are subject to air pocket accumulation in downward sloping reaches, such as inverted siphons or terrain slopes. Air pockets cause energy losses and an associated capacity reduction. Despite its practical...

Dynamic hydraulic models to study sedimentation in drinking water networks in detail

Sedimentation in drinking water networks can lead to discolouration complaints. A sufficient criterion to prevent sedimentation in the Dutch drinking water networks is a daily maximum velocity of 0.25 m s?1. Flushing experiments have shown that this criterion is a sufficient condition for a clean network, but not a necessary condition. Drinking...

Guidelines on capacity reducing gas pockets in wastewater mains

Co-current air-water flow in downward sloping pipes: Transport of capacity reducing gas pockets in wastewater mains

Air-water flow is an undesired condition in many systems for the transportation of water or wastewater. Air in storm water tunnels may get trapped and negatively affect the system. Air pockets in hydropower tunnels or sewers may cause blow-back events and inadmissible pressure spikes. Water pipes and wastewater pressure mains in particular are...

Technical feasibility of energy conversion from salinity gradients along the Ducth coast: A case study at IJmuiden

In the mixing process of water with different salinities a large amount of energy is released, which is normally converted into heat if fresh water rivers enter estuaries and seas. This energy, often referred to as Blue Energy, may be extracted by two different processes: Reversed Electrodialysis (RED) or Pressure Retarded Osmosis (PRO). The...

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