Application of BIB–SEM technology to characterize microstructure and pores in mudstone at a range of scales

Characterization of the microstructure and pores in fine-grained geo-materials like mudstones is challenging because of their heterogeneity and small pore sizes. Combining Broad Ion Beam (BIB) polishing and Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM) enables the visualization of microstructure and pores from millimetres down to a few nanometres in size....