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Reijne, M.M. (author), Dehkordi, Sepehr G. (author), Glaser, Sebastien (author), Twisk, D (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Falls are responsible for a large proportion of serious injuries and deaths among cyclists [1-4]. A common fall scenario is loss of balance during an emergency braking maneuver to avoid another vehicle [5-7]. Automated Vehicles (AV) have the potential to prevent these critical scenarios between bicycle and cars. However, current Threat...conference paper 2022
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Dialynas, G. (author), Christoforidis, Christos (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Experiments and human rider models were used to investigate bicycle balance and steering using visuo/vestibular motion and proprioceptive feedback taking into account sensory delays. An instrumented steer-by-wire bicycle designed and built at the TU Delft bicycle laboratory was used to investigate rider responses with and with reduced...journal article 2022
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- Schwab, A.L. (author), Meijaard, J.P. (author) journal article 2021
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Dialynas, G. (author), de Haan, Jelle (author), Schouten, A.C. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)The objective of this study was to identify the dynamic response of the bicycle rider’s body during translational perturbations, in an effort to improve two-wheeler safety and comfort. A bicycle mock-up was equipped with sensors measuring three-dimensional seat and trunk accelerations and rider’s force responses at the seat, handlebars, and...journal article 2020
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Bruni, S. (author), Meijaard, J.P. (author), Rill, G. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)A review of the current use of multibody dynamics methods in the analysis of the dynamics of vehicles is given. Railway vehicle dynamics as well as road vehicle dynamics are considered, where for the latter the dynamics of cars and trucks and the dynamics of single-track vehicles, in particular motorcycles and bicycles, are reviewed....journal article 2020
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Lee, O.Z.A. (author), Rasch, Alexander (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), Dozza, Marco (author)This paper introduces a framework for modelling the cyclist's comfort zone. Unlike the driver's comfort zone, little is known about the cyclist's. The framework draws on existing literature in cognitive science about driver behaviour to explain experimental results from cycling field trials, and the modelling of these results. We modelled...journal article 2020
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Dialynas, G. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)With the resurgence in bicycle ridership in the last decade and the continuous increase of electric bicycles in the streets a better understanding of bicycle rider behaviour is imperative to improve bicycle safety. Unfortunately, these studies are dangerous for the rider, given that the bicycle is a laterally unstable vehicle and most of the...journal article 2019
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Schwab, A.L. (author), Dialynas, G. (author), Happee, R. (author)The bicycle, being unstable at low speed and marginally stable at high speed, is sensitive to lateral perturbations. One of the major lateral perturbations is crosswind, which can lead to accidents and fatalities. Here we investigate the effect of crosswind on the lateral dynamics and control of the bicycle in a wide range of forward speeds and...conference paper 2018
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Dialynas, G. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Since the 1800s, the design of bicycles involves a mechanical linkage between the handlebar and the fork assembly. Herein, we propose an innovation, where the traditional mechanical connection between the handlebar and fork is decoupled and replaced with sensors, servomo-tors and a microcontroller allowing artificial manipulation of the bicycle...conference paper 2018
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Reijne, M.M. (author), Bregman, D.J.J. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Descend technique and performance vary among elite racing cyclists and it is not clear what slower riders should do to improve their performance. An observation study was performed of the descending technique of members of a World Tour cycling team and the technique of each member was compared with the fastest descender amongst them. The...conference paper 2018
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Baines, P.M. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), van Soest, A.J. (author)Metabolic energy expenditure during human gait is poorly understood. Mechanical energy loss during heel strike contributes to this energy expenditure. Previous work has estimated the energy absorption during heel strike as 0.8 J using an effective foot mass model. The aim of our study is to investigate the possibility of determining the energy...journal article 2018
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van der Kruk, E. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Veeger, H.E.J. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)The quantification of mechanical power can provide valuable insight into athlete performance because it is the mechanical principle of the rate at which the athlete does work or transfers energy to complete a movement task. Estimates of power are usually limited by the capabilities of measurement systems, resulting in the use of simplified power...review 2018
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De Jong, Jenny (author), Fokkink, R.J. (author), Olsder, G.J. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)In a cycling time trial, the rider needs to distribute his power output optimally to minimize the time between start and finish. Mathematically, this is an optimal control problem. Even for a straight and flat course, its solution is non-trivial and<br/>involves a singular control, which corresponds to a power that is slightly above the aerobic...journal article 2017
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Lee, O.Z.A. (author), Dialynas, G. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Happee, R. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Recent years have seen an increase in cycling as a transport mode in urban centers. This has spurred an interest in the use of bicycle simulators to study cyclist behavior [1, 2, 3, 4]. However, few implement a model based approach that couples the bicycle roll and steer in a realistic manner [5]. Balancing is a key task in cycling and we aimed...conference paper 2017
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Schwab, A.L. (author), Meijaard, J.P. (author)It can be observed that there is a wide variety in the width of bicycle lanes. It can range from wide to very narrow, see figure 1. Several guidelines disagree on the desired width of a bicycle lane [1, 2]. These guidelines are mainly based on observations and best practices. Instead of such an evolutionary approach<br/>we propose to determine...conference paper 2017
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van der Kruk, E. (author), Veeger, H.E.J. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author)Advice about the optimal coordination pattern for an individual speed skater, could be addressed by simulation and optimization of a biomechanical speed skating model. But before getting to this optimization approach one needs a model that can reasonably match observed behaviour. Therefore, the objective of this study is to present a verified...journal article 2017
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Kovacsova, N. (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), Christoph, M. (author), Twisk, D. A M (author), Hagenzieker, M.P. (author)This study investigated cycling performance of middle-aged (30–45 years old; n = 30) versus older (65+ years; n = 31) participants during low-speed tasks for which stabilization skills are known to be important. Additionally, participants’ self-ratings of their cycling skills and performance were assessed. Participants rode once on a...journal article 2016
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van der Kruk, E. (author), Den Braver (student), O. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Veeger, H.E.J. (author)In the current project, we aim to provide speed skaters with real-time feedback on how to improve their skating performance within an individual stroke. The elite skaters and their coaches wish for a system that determines the mechanical power per stroke. The push-off force of the skater is a crucial variable in this power determination. In...journal article 2016
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van der Kruk, E. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), Veeger, H.E.J. (author)Pushoff in speed skating requires an extensive motion strategy. During speed skating the skater continuously changes the lean and steering angle of the skate and therewith the direction of push-off, The forces in an inertial coordinate system can give insight into what amount of the push-off force is directed into the forward motion. In this...conference paper 2016
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van der Kruk, E. (author), Schwab, A.L. (author), van der Helm, F.C.T. (author), Veeger, H.E.J. (author)To assist speed skaters in improving their skating performance, we would like to provide them with real time feedback on the orientation of the skate within a single stroke. While of course the forces generated by the skater on the ice determine the acceleration of the skater, the orientation of the skate determines in which direction this...conference paper 2016
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