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2023 Spring/Summer ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference [IMS2023]

Spirito, M. (author), Jargon, Jeffrey (author), Martens, Jon (author), Lewis, Dennis (author)

journal article 2023

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Efficient waveguide power combiners at mm-wave frequencies

van Schelven, R.M. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Cavallo, D. (author)

In this study, an efficient power combiner for mm-wave frequency transmitters is investigated. The combiner is based on a parallel plate waveguide (PPW) excited with multiple parallel feeds. The Doherty power combiner scheme is also integrated in the proposed concept, to increase the efficiency of the amplifiers when implementing amplitude...

journal article 2023

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NextGEM: Next-Generation Integrated Sensing and Analytical System for Monitoring and Assessing Radiofrequency Electromagnetic Field Exposure and Health

Petroulakis, Nikolaos (author), Mattsson, Mats-Olof (author), Chatziadam, Panos (author), Simko, Myrtill (author), Gavrielides, Andreas (author), Yiorkas, Andrianos (author), Zeni, Olga (author), Scarfi, MR (author), Spirito, M. (author)

The evolution of emerging technologies that use Radio Frequency Electromagnetic Field (RF-EMF ) has increased the interest of the scientific community and society regarding the possible adverse effects on human health and the environment. This article provides NextGEM’s vision to<br/>assure safety for EU citizens when employing existing and...

journal article 2023

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Calibration approaches in Multi-Node Antenna Characterization Setups

Coesoij, R.A. (author), Musters, F.A. (author), Roos, D. (author), van Velden, T. (author), Spirito, M. (author)

In this work we present calibration approaches aimed at mitigating the measurement error in testbenches featuring multiple sensor-nodes and operating over-the-air. Such errors can arise from fluctuations in component responses and mechanical tolerances of the setup. The calibration approaches are detailed for the case of the Antenna Dome...

conference paper 2023

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Reduced Calibration Error Employing Parametrized EM models and DC Load Extraction

Shokrolahzade, E. (author), De Martino, C. (author), Spirito, M. (author)

In this contribution we present an approach to reduce the error arising from the variations of the lumped load, due to process spread, in probe level calibrations. First, full-wave electromagnetic (EM) simulations are employed to generate the nominal standard responses, then a parametric EM simulation of the load structure is used to generate a...

conference paper 2023

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Over-the-Air Characterization Techniques for Antenna-Coupled Direct-Detectors at Terahertz Frequencies

Hoogelander, M. (author), Alonso Del Pino, M. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author), Spirito, M. (author)

The continuous advancements in the coverage and sensitivity of terahertz direct-detector imagers places increasing constraints on the test benches needed for characterization. Already, relative differences on the order of a few decibels are observed between simulated and measured performance in the state-of-the-art literature. This...

conference paper 2023

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Impedance Standard Substrate Characterization and em model definition for Cryogenic and Quantum-Computing Applications

Shokrolahzade, E. (author), Sebastiano, F. (author), Mubarak, F.A. (author), Babaie, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author)

In this contribution, we describe the modeling approaches and the characterization procedures used to develop accurate standard models for cryogenic, probe-level, calibrations substrates.The key electrical and mechanical parameters of the impedance terminations and the lines used in commercially available impedance standard substrates are...

conference paper 2023

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First Demonstration of Dynamic High-Gain Beam Steering With a Scanning Lens Phased Array

Bosma, S. (author), van Rooijen, N. (author), Alonso Del Pino, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

We report on the first demonstration of dynamic beam steering using a scanning lens phased array. A scanning lens phased array relies on a combination of mechanical and electrical phase shifting to dynamically steer a high-gain beam beyond the grating-lobe free region using a sparse array. These two concepts have been demonstrated separately in...

journal article 2022

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W-Band Demonstration of Dynamic, High-Gain Beam Steering with a Scanning Lens Phased Array

Bosma, S. (author), van Rooijen, N. (author), Alonso Del Pino, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

We report the measured results of a sparse, 4x1 scanning lens phased array prototype at W-band that is capable of beam steering a directive (&gt;30 dBi) beam towards ±20° with sidelobe levels around -10 dB. The array elements are high-aperture-efficiency resonant leaky-wave lens antennas with a feed that suppresses the spurious TM0 mode over a...

conference paper 2022

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2022 Spring/Summer ARFTG Microwave Measurement Conference

Jargon, Jeffrey A. (author), Martens, Jon (author), Rumiantsev, Andrej (author), Spirito, M. (author)

journal article 2022

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Extending the Open-Short de-embedding frequency via metal-l on-wafer calibration approaches

Esposito, C. (author), De Martino, C. (author), Lehmann, S. (author), Zhao, Z. (author), Mothes, S. (author), Kretzschmar, C. (author), Schroter, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author)

In this contribution, We analyze the bandwidth versus accuracy trade-offs of conventional two-step de-embedding approaches, often employed to extract the device model parameters. The accuracy limitation of incorporating the pad/line section of classical DUT test-fixtures into shunt-series complex and frequency-dependent elements is analyzed by...

conference paper 2022

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Core-Shell Leaky-Wave Lens Antenna for 150GHz Fly’s Eye Communication Systems

van Rooijen, N. (author), Alonso Del Pino, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

This work presents a novel lens antenna architecture based on a core-shell lens design with a leaky-wave in-packaged antenna at 150GHz. An electrically small core lens made of dense dielectric material is used to enhance the radiation of the in-packaged antenna. A low-loss dielectric shell lens with electrically large dimensions is then added to...

conference paper 2022

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Employing M1 direct calibration/de-embedding approaches for large signal model validation at mm-wave frequencies

De Martino, C. (author), Esposito, C. (author), Schroter, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author)

In this contribution, we employ direct calibration/de-embedding approaches to validate the large signal device model of state-of-the-art HBTs and CMOS technologies operating in the mm-wave frequency band WR6. The capability of placing the first tier calibration reference plane in close proximity to the DUT allows the large signal metric to be...

conference paper 2022

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A Four-Way Series Doherty Digital Polar Transmitter at mm-Wave Frequencies

Mortazavi, S.M. (author), Shen, Y. (author), Mul, D.P.N. (author), de Vreede, L.C.N. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Babaie, M. (author)

This article presents an efficient digital polar transmitter (DPTX) at mm-wave frequencies that exploit a novel N -way series Doherty combiner (SDC) to enhance its drain and system efficiency at deep power back-off (PBO). The proposed N -way SDC is scalable and can be implemented elegantly using N transformers and N-1 shunt capacitors. As a...

journal article 2022

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Diffraction-Limited Imaging Demonstration using a Silicon Integrated Array at Terahertz Frequencies

Hoogelander, M. (author), van Berkel, S.L. (author), Malotaux, E.S. (author), Alonso Del Pino, M. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Neto, A. (author), Cavallo, D. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

In this contribution we will present the diffraction-limited imaging capabilities of a focal plane array (FPA) of antenna-coupled direct-detectors at submillimeter wavelengths. The FPA prototype is a tightly sampled, 12-pixel array that was developed in a 22 nm CMOS technology and it covers a band from 200 GHz to 600 GHz. A quasi-optical (QO)...

conference paper 2022

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H-band Quartz-Silicon Leaky-Wave Lens with Air-Bridge Interconnect to GaAs Front-End

Arias Campo, M. (author), Holc, Katarzyna (author), Weber, Rainer (author), De Martino, C. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Leuther, Arnulf (author), Bruni, Simona (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

Thanks to the large bandwidth availability, millimeter and sub-millimeter wave systems are getting more attractive to be used in a wide range of applications, such as high-resolution radar or high-speed communications. In this contribution, a new lens antenna in-package solution is presented for the H-band (220320 GHz), including a wideband...

journal article 2021

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Wideband Modeling of CMOS Schottky Barrier Diode Detectors for THz Radiometry

van Berkel, S.L. (author), Malotaux, E.S. (author), De Martino, C. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Cavallo, D. (author), Neto, A. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

A complete system modeling and characterization of a wideband differential terahertz (THz) direct detector, integrated in a commercial CMOS technology, is presented. The detector consists of a recently developed double leaky-slot lens antenna that operates from 200 to 600 GHz in combination with a differential Schottky barrier diode (SBD) direct...

journal article 2021

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Shielded cantilever with on-chip interferometer circuit for THz scanning probe impedance microscopy

Finkel, M. (author), Thierschmann, R. (author), Katan, A.J. (author), Westig, M.P. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Klapwijk, T.M. (author)

We have realized a microstrip based terahertz (THz) near field cantilever that enables quantitative measurements of the impedance of the probe tip at THz frequencies (0.3 THz). A key feature is the on-chip balanced hybrid coupler that serves as an interferometer for passive signal cancellation to increase the readout circuit sensitivity...

journal article 2019

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High Resolution Passive THz Imaging Array with Polarization Reusage in 22nm CMOS

van Berkel, S.L. (author), Malotaux, E.S. (author), Spirito, M. (author), Cavallo, D. (author), Neto, A. (author), Llombart, Nuria (author)

A 12-pixel THz Focal Plane Array (FPA), integrated in Global Foundries 22nm CMOS technology, enabling high resolution passive THz imaging, is presented. The array efficiently couples blackbody radiation from 200 GHz to 600 GHz to Schottky Barrier Diodes (SBDs) in a differential topology. An antenna-detector co-design results in an average...

conference paper 2019

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Noise Behavior and Implementation of Interferometer-Based Broadband VNA

Mubarak, F.A. (author), Romano, R. (author), Galatro, L. (author), Mascolo, V. (author), Rietveld, Gert (author), Spirito, M. (author)

This paper analyzes and accurately models the complex noise behavior of vector network analyzers (VNAs) when measuring large-mismatch devices and subsequently shows how the VNA measurement noise performance is enhanced through implementation of a high-speed, broadband, active RF interferometer module. The presented VNA noise model provides a...

journal article 2019