"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:0e199283-d6e2-4a02-8231-8d63dcfdbed3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0e199283-d6e2-4a02-8231-8d63dcfdbed3","Examining green space characteristics for social cohesion and mental health outcomes: A sensitivity analysis in four European cities","Cardinali, M. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; TH OWL); Beenackers, Mariëlle A. (Erasmus MC); Fleury-Bahi, Ghozlane (Université de Nantes; L'Institut de Recherche en Sciences et Techniques de la Ville (CNRS FR2488)); Bodénan, Philippe (Conseil de Développement de Nantes Métropole); Petrova, Milena Tasheva (University of Architecture, Civil Engineering and Geodesy); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Pottgiesser, U. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; TH OWL)","","2024","Introduction: In recent decades, there has been a rise in mental illnesses. Community infrastructures are increasingly acknowledged as important for sustaining good mental health. Moreover, green spaces are anticipated to offer advantages for both mental health and social cohesion. However, the mediating pathway between green space, social cohesion and mental health and especially the proximity and characteristics of green spaces that trigger these potential effects remain of interest. Methods: We gathered data from 1365 individuals on self-reported social cohesion and mental health across four satellite districts in European cities: Nantes (France), Porto (Portugal), Sofia (Bulgaria), and Høje-Taastrup (Denmark). Green space data from OpenStreetMap was manually adjusted using the PRIGSHARE guidelines. We used the AID-PRIGSHARE tool to generate 7 indicators about green space characteristics measured in distances from 100–1500 m, every 100 m. This resulted in 105 different green space variables that we tested in a single mediation model with structural equation modelling. Results: Accessible greenness (900–1400 m), accessible green spaces (900–1500 m), accessible green space corridors (300–800 m), accessible total green space (300−800), and mix of green space uses (700–1100 m) were significantly associated with social cohesion and indirectly with mental health. Green corridors also showed negative indirect and direct associations with mental health in larger distances. Surrounding greenness and the quantity of green space uses were not associated with social cohesion nor indirectly with mental health. We also observed no positive direct associations between any green space variable in any distance to mental health. Conclusions: Our results suggest that accessibility, connectivity, mix of use and proximity are key characteristics that drive the relationship between green spaces, social cohesion and mental health. This gives further guidance to urban planners and decision-makers on how to design urban green spaces to foster social cohesion and improve mental health.","Green space; Mediation; Social cohesion; Structural equation modelling; Well-being","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Heritage & Architecture","","",""
"uuid:b301a6df-f13c-4839-a2b8-41199578a77e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b301a6df-f13c-4839-a2b8-41199578a77e","The relation between proximity to and characteristics of green spaces to physical activity and health: A multi-dimensional sensitivity analysis in four European cities","Cardinali, M. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; OWL, University of Applied Sciences and Arts); Beenackers, Mariëlle A. (Erasmus MC); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Pottgiesser, U. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; OWL, University of Applied Sciences and Arts)","","2024","Introduction: Non-communicable diseases are the global disease burden of our time, with physical inactivity identified as one major risk factor. Green spaces are associated with increased physical activity of nearby residents. But there are still gaps in understanding which proximity and what characteristics of green spaces can trigger physical activity. This study aims to unveil these differences with a rigorous sensitivity analysis. Methods: We gathered data on self-reported health and physical activity from 1365 participants in selected neighbourhoods in Porto, Nantes, Sofia, and Høje-Taastrup. Spatial data were retrieved from OpenStreetMap. We followed the PRIGSHARE guidelines to control for bias. Around the residential addresses, we generated seven different green space indicators for 15 distances (100–1500 m) using the AID-PRIGSHARE tool. We then analysed each of these 105 green space indicators together with physical activity and health in 105 adjusted structural equation models. Results: Green space accessibility and green space uses indicators showed a pattern of significant positive associations to physical activity and indirect to health at distances of 1100 m or less, with a peak at 600 m for most indicators. Greenness in close proximity (100 m) had significant positive effects on physical activity and indirect effects on health. Surrounding greenness showed positive direct effects on health at 500–1100 m and so do green corridors in 800 m network distance. In contrast, a high quantity of green space uses, and surrounding greenness measured in a larger radius (1100–1500 m) showed a negative relationship with physical activity and indirect health effects. Conclusions: Our results provide insight into how green space characteristics can influence health at different scales, with important implications for urban planners on how to integrate accessible green spaces into urban structures and public health decision-makers on the ability of green spaces to combat physical inactivity.","Behaviour; Greenspace; Mediator; Public health; Sedentary lifestyle","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Heritage & Architecture","","",""
"uuid:202e1c0c-989a-46b4-8d1c-070b5c32682c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:202e1c0c-989a-46b4-8d1c-070b5c32682c","3D‑printed sound absorbers: compact and customisable at broadband frequencies","Setaki, F. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Tian, F. (Huazhong University of Science and Technology); Turrin, M. (TU Delft Digital Technologies); Tenpierik, M.J. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design); Nijs, L. (TU Delft Building Physics); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2023","This paper discusses a novel, compact sound absorption solution with high performance at various frequencies, including low frequencies, achieved through the effective use of Computational Design and Additive Manufacturing (AM). Sound absorption is widely applied for reducing noise and improving room acoustics; however, it is often constrained by conventional design, material properties and production techniques, which offer limited options for customising performance. This research highlights that AM, in combination with computational design tools, can support the development of novel sound-absorbing products with high performance based on the principle of viscothermal wave propagation in prismatic tubes. The potential of these designs was explored via two studies of customised sound-absorbing panels whose performance was measured in a reverberation room. A custom measurement technique was used based on logarithmic sweeps with high-resolution FFT analysis. A comparison of the measurement results with the theory of viscothermal wave propagation indicated good agreement; thus, this study demonstrates the possibility of developing new concepts and design methods for novel room acoustic devices.","3D printing; Additive manufacturing; Customisation; Sound absorption; Broadband","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:10589431-fb03-40dd-94a3-0f85d7741a09","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:10589431-fb03-40dd-94a3-0f85d7741a09","Spatial Parameters for Circular Construction Hubs: Location Criteria for a Circular Built Environment","Tsui, T.P.Y. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design); Furlan, C. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2023","Implementing a circular economy in cities has been proposed by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability in the construction sector. One strategy that has gained interest by both policy makers and companies is to develop “circular construction hubs”: locations that collect, store, and redistribute waste as secondary resources. However, there is limited literature taking a spatially explicit view, identifying the spatial parameters that could affect the locations of hubs both for now and in the future. This study therefore aims to categorize different types of circular hubs for the construction industry, collect spatial parameters required for finding suitable locations for each type of circular hub, and translate the spatial parameters into a list of data and spatial analysis methods that could be used to identify potential future locations. The study used the Netherlands as a case study, extracting spatial parameters from two sources: Dutch governmental policy documents on circular economy and spatial development and interviews with companies operating circular hubs. Four types of circular construction hubs were identified: urban mining hubs, industry hubs, local material banks, and craft centers. The spatial parameters were extracted for each type of hub from four perspectives: resources (such as material type, business model), accessibility (such as mode and scale of transportation), land use (such as plot size, land use), and socio-economic (such as labor availability). The parameters were then translated into a list of spatial data and analysis methods required to identify future locations of circular construction hubs.","Circular cities; Circular construction hub; GIS; Territorializing circular economy; Urban mining; Site selection analysis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental & Climate Design","","",""
"uuid:34595048-9f92-4fe6-992a-47634ded7e00","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:34595048-9f92-4fe6-992a-47634ded7e00","Biophilia Upscaling: A Systematic Literature Review Based on a Three-Metric Approach","Lefosse, D.C. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Massachusetts Institute of Technology); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Ratti, Carlo (Massachusetts Institute of Technology)","","2023","In response to socio-ecological challenges, cities around the world are implementing greenification and urban forestry. While these strategies contribute to reducing the ecological footprint, they often overlook various social implications. This explains the increasing global attention to Biophilia, which emphasizes human–nature interaction to enhance the quality of urban life. Despite its historical roots spanning centuries, Biophilia is still considered an emerging research field, as shown by debate on evidence-based research and measurement of its multidimensional impacts. Although the beneficial effects of Biophilic Design (BD) are well documented thanks to the small-scale and immediate outcomes, the long-term potential of Biophilic Urbanism (BU) offers less evidence, limiting its utilization and investment. This paper provides a comprehensive theoretical-practical framework on Biophilia, BD, and BU through a 60-year systematic literature review based on a three-metric approach (quality, quantity, and application). Investigating concepts and practices, we delve into biophilic effects on humans and urban livability, analyze tools to measure them, and explore methods to translate them into the built environment. In spite of the growing body of studies and advancements in the last decade, our review findings highlight the need for further insights, especially regarding BU. The study aims to promote Biophilia Upscaling as a strategy to maximize its direct and indirect benefits across urban scales, thereby promoting BU and expediting a paradigm shift in city planning. In metropolises conceived as bioregional systems, where nature plays a key role in ensuring ecological services and citizens’ well-being, BU can assist designers, planners, and city makers in addressing the urban agenda toward higher environmental and social standards.","biophilia; biophilic design; biophilic urbanism; biophilia upscaling; literature review","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:7af66545-00ef-40a1-a4fe-35af7ac34b91","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7af66545-00ef-40a1-a4fe-35af7ac34b91","A bottom-up ontology-based approach to monitor circular economy: Aligning user expectations, tools, data and theory","Sileryte, R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2023","With circular economy being high on governmental agendas, there is an increasing request from governing bodies for circularity measurements. Yet, currently existing macro-level monitoring frameworks are widely criticized for not being able to inform the decision-making. The criticism includes, among others, a lack of consensus on terminologies and definitions among scholars, politicians, and practitioners, a lack of supporting data and tools and, consequently, a lack of transparency and trustworthiness. To address those needs, a bottom-up approach to build a shared terminology is suggested as a starting point for monitoring development. The government, data providers, and tool developers are involved in the process of formal ontology development and alignment. The experiment builds upon a use case of the Amsterdam Circular Economy Monitor (2020). First, four ontology development approaches are used to create a theory-centered, a user-centered, a tool-centered, and a data-centered ontology. The ontologies are later compared, merged, and aligned to arrive at one single ontology which forms the basis of the circular economy monitor. The notes taken during the process have revealed that next to a material flow model, typical of socioeconomic metabolism analysis, policy makers are concerned with actors (i.e., institutions, companies, or groups of people) who participate in the analyzed processes and services. Furthermore, a number of terms used by the decision-makers lack clear definitions and references to be directly associated with the available data. Finally, a structured terminology alignment process between monitor users, developers, and data providers helps in exposing terminology conflicts and ambiguities.","circular economy; circular economy monitor; industrial ecology; ontology; ontology alignment; transition management","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:24bdeb43-c08e-4c08-b314-c633ff95f054","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:24bdeb43-c08e-4c08-b314-c633ff95f054","Preferred reporting items in green space health research. Guiding principles for an interdisciplinary field.","Cardinali, M. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe); Beenackers, Mariëlle A. (Erasmus MC); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Pottgiesser, U. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture; Technische Hochschule Ostwestfalen-Lippe)","","2023","The relationship between green spaces and health is attracting more and more societal and research interest. The research field is however still suffering from its differing monodisciplinary origins. Now in a multidisciplinary environment on its way to a truly interdisciplinary field, there is a need for a common understanding, precision in green space indicators, and coherent assessment of the complexity of daily living environments. In several reviews, common protocols and open-source scripts are considered a high priority to advance the field. Realizing these issues, we developed PRIGSHARE (Preferred Reporting Items in Greenspace Health Research). It is accompanied by an open-source script that supports non-spatial disciplines in assessing greenness and green space on different scales and types. The PRIGSHARE checklist contains 21 items that have been identified as a risk of bias and are necessary for understanding and comparison of studies. The checklist is divided into the following topics: objectives (3 items), scope (3 items), spatial assessment (7 items), vegetation assessment (4 items), and context assessment (4 items). For each item, we include a pathway-specific (if relevant) rationale and explanation. The PRIGSHARE guiding principles should be helpful to support a high-quality assessment and synchronize the studies in the field while acknowledging the diversity of study designs.","Behavior; Greenspace; Pollution; Public health; Stress; Well-being","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Heritage & Architecture","","",""
"uuid:4f907a48-eb08-4041-9133-43221c64fe91","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4f907a48-eb08-4041-9133-43221c64fe91","AID-PRIGSHARE: Automatization of indicator development in green space health research in QGIS. Accompanying script to the PRIGSHARE reporting guidelines","Cardinali, M. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture); Beenackers, Mariëlle A. (Erasmus MC); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Pottgiesser, U. (TU Delft Heritage & Architecture)","","2023","In the interdisciplinary field of green space health research, there is a demand to reduce the effort to assess green space, especially for non-spatial disciplines. To address this issue, we developed AID-PRIGSHARE, an open-source script that automates over 400 QGIS processes to substantially reduces the time-intensive task of generating green space indicators. AID-PRIGSHARE calculates greenness, public green space, access to green infrastructure, and green space uses within distances of 100–1500 m around geolocations. This substantially reduces the effort for sensitivity analysis and may provide support for research that aims to understand the impact of different green space features and distances on health outcomes.","Automatization; GIS; Green space; Indicator; Script; Sensitivity analysis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Heritage & Architecture","","",""
"uuid:1de2a005-b0e4-41ed-a71b-3da682ba47c2","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1de2a005-b0e4-41ed-a71b-3da682ba47c2","Additive manufacturing in cities: Closing circular resource loops","Valera, Elias Hernandez (Wageningen University & Research); Cremades, Roger (Wageningen University & Research); van Leeuwen, Eveline (Wageningen University & Research); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2023","Cities are the core of social interactions and resource consumption in our current times. However, urban systems are still largely based on linear activities in which resources are discarded after usage. Current practices around waste reduce possibilities of circularity, mainly due to low percentages of sorting and recycling practices in high- and middle-income countries and landfill practices in middle- and low-income countries. This resulted in a continuous increase in urban waste and negative environmental impact over the last decades. The development of circular practices and innovations, such as additive manufacturing, is crucial to modify the current supply chain and return valuable discarded materials to urban industries. Additive manufacturing is a novel technology based on the creation of objects layer by layer involving the use of a diverse range of materials. Several materials such as plastics, metal or concrete, for example, can be transformed into functional products for cities. Based on a literature review, this paper showcases the potential of urban waste for 3D printing with a main focus on recycling practices at the end of the supply chain. This paper aims to examine the current knowledge, regulations, and practices in circularity and additive manufacturing in the urban context, to identify opportunities and practices for material recovery applications, and showcase applications for additive manufacturing at the last stage of the supply chain. Furthermore, it identifies the needs for further research that could support the implementation and diffusion of additive manufacturing in society.","3D printing; Circular systems; Urban; Waste; Waste management","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:a9619859-3356-49bc-8cd0-830beb3f1a86","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a9619859-3356-49bc-8cd0-830beb3f1a86","Spatial clustering of waste reuse in a circular economy: A spatial autocorrelation analysis on locations of waste reuse in the Netherlands using global and local Moran’s I","Tsui, T.P.Y. (TU Delft Climate Design and Sustainability); Derumigny, Alexis (TU Delft Statistics); Peck, David (TU Delft Climate Design and Sustainability); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2022","In recent years, implementing a circular economy in cities has been considered by policy makers as a potential solution for achieving sustainability. Existing literature on circular cities is mainly focused on two perspectives: urban governance and urban metabolism. Both these perspectives, to some extent, miss an understanding of space. A spatial perspective is important because circular activities, such as the recycling, reuse, or storage of materials, require space and have a location. It is therefore useful to understand where circular activities are located, and how they are affected by their location and surrounding geography. This study therefore aims to understand the existing state of waste reuse activities in the Netherlands from a spatial perspective, by analyzing the degree, scale, and locations of spatial clusters of waste reuse. This was done by measuring the spatial autocorrelation of waste reuse locations using global and local Moran’s I, with waste reuse data from the national waste registry of the Netherlands. The analysis was done for 10 material types: minerals, plastic, wood and paper, fertilizer, food, machinery and electronics, metal, mixed construction materials, glass, and textile. It was found that all materials except for glass and textiles formed spatial clusters. By varying the grid cell sizes used for data aggregation, it was found that different materials had different “best fit” cell sizes where spatial clustering was the strongest. The best fit cell size is ∼7 km for materials associated with construction and agricultural industries, and ∼20–25 km for plastic and metals.The best fit cell sizes indicate the average distance of companies from each other within clusters, and suggest a suitable spatial resolution at which the material can be understood. Hotspot maps were also produced for each material to show where reuse activities are most spatially concentrated.","spatial clustering analysis; circular economy; urban metabolism; waste data; circular cities; Moran’s I autocorrelation; hotspot analysis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Climate Design and Sustainability","","",""
"uuid:2ecd8c19-eb56-4ff4-a6e8-a3e93fadceb0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2ecd8c19-eb56-4ff4-a6e8-a3e93fadceb0","Dimensions of Circularity for Healthy Metabolisms and Spaces","Russo, Michelangelo (Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","Amenta, Libera (editor); Russo, Michelangelo (editor); van Timmeren, Arjan (editor)","2022","In this first chapter of the Book “Regenerative Territories. Dimensions of Circularity for Healthy Metabolisms”, the relation between circularity and space is explored. The main focus is the development over time, and in particular the way how spatial planning and strategies respond to new unpredictable urgencies and opportunities related with territorial metabolisms. In relation to space and time, 5 grand rules are explored as necessary to implement the transition towards Circularity: (1) The Circular Economy paradigm shift requires a socio-ecological perspective and looking beyond boundaries; (2) Circular Economy is based on systems thinking and territorial metabolism; (3) a Circular Economy calls for a renewed approach to the public domain and stakeholder involvement; (4) amplifying the definition of Circular Economy with the inclusion of wastescapes; and (5) Planning the Circular Economy as an open collaborative system. The paradigm shift of contemporary planning towards circularity is aimed to facilitate the capacity of cities to be adaptive and flexible to the speeding up of the biggest changes in the present-day society. Therefore, the relation between the various spatial scales is strictly interlinked to the time scales, as well as to the metabolic processes and Life Cycles of Territories. In this perspective, the “existing city” is a non-negotiable common heritage, the result of a “selective accumulation” of material and immaterial traces produced by the slow and progressive anthropic work in the territory. Contemporary spatial planning looks beyond boundaries. This concerns both the physical boundaries between areas or countries, both the boundaries of the various scale levels of solutions, of the interrelated networks, of the public space and, particularly, of their reciprocity. It induces the scrutinization of the underlying social needs and the finding of instruments that allow the spatial planning and renewed infrastructure to fit the changing social objectives such as sustainability and liveability. The territory of the Circular Economy is the city, as a complex and multidimensional organism. However, the most problematic field for experimenting with “circular planning” is the peri-urban territory consisting of urbanized areas, crossed by differentiated phenomena of settlement expansion beyond the limits of the countryside, which identifies rural and open space, traditionally coinciding with the limits of the city. A circular planning for the regeneration of the peri-urban identifies the waste spaces, the decay of the territory, the obsolescence and end of life of buildings, functions and urban parts now inadequate, namely wasted landscapes (wastescapes). The latter are both the result of metabolic transformations of the territory and generator of prospects and potential for rebalancing the material welfare of the city.","","en","book chapter","Springer","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:2c6b9857-06d2-4877-97a5-7eddda753499","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:2c6b9857-06d2-4877-97a5-7eddda753499","From Wastescapes Towards Regenerative Territories. A Structural Approach for Achieving Circularity","Amenta, L. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","Amenta, Libera (editor); Russo, Michelangelo (editor); van Timmeren, Arjan (editor)","2022","In this chapter, the understanding of circularity goes beyond material resource management, deepening the spatial implications of a more circular management and use of wastescapes, investigated at the urban and metropolitan scale. Besides the health (care) related challenges presented by the current outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic, additional ones related to our living environment have been—and will continue to be—an urgent call for academic researchers, designers and policymakers to find (eco)innovative solutions and strategies for enhancing the quality of life of all and the availability of more and more safe public (open) spaces and facilities to sustain this. In this situation, the spaces most at risk of urban and peri-urban areas could be found in the unresolved places which are defined as wastescapes, since they are in general still poorly used and valued. Building on the European H2020 research project REPAiR, the definition of wastescapes, provided in this study, builds upon work for two main cases: the metropolitan areas of Amsterdam (The Netherlands) and Naples (Italy). Wastescapes are discarded territories, however, they can also be understood as opportunities to realize regenerative concepts and support strategies related to environmental, spatial and social challenges of the territories and their surroundings. Core is then to improve the socio-ecological values of such territories. Wastescapes are different case by case, being affected by site-specific challenges and characterized by high complexity. The research presented in this chapter shows that the route towards a Circular Economy requires the consideration of wastescapes as ‘spatial resources’ important to be included in strategies of transition. It represents a fundamental step to overcome problems related to both resource (and land) scarcity, land use in general and spatial fragmentation, while providing opportunities to include through eco-innovative services other values than just the monetary ones to society. The spatial regeneration of wastescapes in the built environment involves a re-thinking of the structure of these areas in a larger (metropolitan) context. Within such metropolitan settings, in particular peri-urban territories, also referred to as the areas in-between urban and rural landscapes, are most affected and characterized by this problem of wastescapes.","Eco-innovative solutions and strategies; Quality of life; Regenerative approach; Resilience; Urban metabolism; Wastescapes","en","book chapter","Springer","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:693de73c-0142-4f89-bf10-d9150fe28f7a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:693de73c-0142-4f89-bf10-d9150fe28f7a","European Waste Statistics data for a Circular Economy Monitor: Opportunities and limitations from the Amsterdam Metropolitan Region","Sileryte, R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS)); Sabbe, A.L.P. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS)); Bouzas, V. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Meister, K.R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS))","","2022","As appointed in the EU Circular Economy Action Plan, cities and regions in EU member countries start accompanying their circular economy strategies by monitoring frameworks, often called Circular Economy Monitors (CEM). Having the task to assess the performance towards the achievement of set targets and to steer decision-making, CEMs need to rely on a multitude of statistics and datasets. Waste statistics play an important role in circular economy monitoring as they provide insights into the remaining linear part of the economy. The collection of waste statistics is mandated by the European Commission which provides general guidelines on data collection and processing. The Netherlands has one of the most detailed waste registries among the EU countries. The country's largest metropolitan region, Amsterdam, is currently building a CEM which tracks progress over time towards the set goals, highlights which areas need improvement and estimates target feasibility. This paper uses the Amsterdam CEM as a case-study to explore how the existing system of waste registration in the Netherlands is able to support decision-making. The data is explored with the help of four queries that relate to the CEM's goals and require data mapping to be answered. The data mapping and analysis process has revealed several limitations present in the waste data collection and a number of gaps present in current circular economy research and data analysis. At the same time, the available data already supports significant insights into the status quo of the current waste system and provides opportunities for circular economy monitoring.","Amsterdam Metropolitan Region; Circular Economy Action Plan; Circular Economy Monitor; European Waste Statistics; Waste mapping","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:97480fcb-65c2-4c4a-a5c2-a4d2d6b3d347","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:97480fcb-65c2-4c4a-a5c2-a4d2d6b3d347","The responsibility of waste production: Comparison of European waste statistics regulation and Dutch National Waste Registry","Sileryte, R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS)); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS))","","2022","The announcement of a new Circular Economy Action Plan as part of the European Green Deal policy has created an urgent need for the reliable information on resource flows to monitor and support the transition. An updated Monitoring Framework is set to rely as much as possible on European Statistics, however at this point there are no changes introduced in supranational statistics regulations. This raises a question whether regulations that have been created before the paradigm shift are still able to supply us with statistics necessary to inform policy makers about current successful practices, remaining barriers, positive and negative impacts of the transition and overall progress towards the set goals. This paper focuses on the Waste Statistics Regulation, specifically the relationship between the types of waste and economic activities which are considered to be the waste producers. Dutch National Waste Registry is used as a case study to compare the guidelines on pan-European waste data collection to the actual waste reports. The task of this publication is to explore to which extent the guidelines available in the Waste Statistics Regulation correspond to the operational reality. To do so it presents a computational method to link waste producers to their economic activities using a national Trade Registry. An extensive discussion of the results provides insights and recommendations for the future guidelines of waste statistics to support circular economy transition.","Circular economy; Waste producers; Waste statistics; Waste statistics regulation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:3bf9f065-6190-4c4c-9f98-5945df987e68","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3bf9f065-6190-4c4c-9f98-5945df987e68","Disruptive technologies for a circular building industry","Setaki, F. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2022","This paper focuses on the circular economy (CE), the building industry, and on the disruptive technological innovations that intersect in these arenas. It outlines how disruptive, often digital, technologies can potentially enable a CE in the building industry, primarily within the two most wasteful phases of the building cycle, the construction and demolition phases. This is achieved through an analysis of the potential of each technology type to enable a CE, using existing literature and desktop research on applied examples of the technological solutions in question. The paper aims to clarify the implementation scenarios of digital technologies for the circular building industry and are organised according to technology type, CE principle, building phase, material family, estimated TRL, and type of application.","Building industry; Circular economy; Digital technologies","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:4b50b336-23b4-4dc9-954c-55d23f1f1139","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4b50b336-23b4-4dc9-954c-55d23f1f1139","A Quantitative Morphological Method for Mapping Local Climate Types","Maiullari, D. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Esch, M.M.E. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2021","Morphological characteristics of cities significantly influence urban heat island intensities and thermal responses to heat waves. Form attributes such as density, compactness, and vegetation cover are commonly used to analyse the impact of urban morphology on overheating processes. However, the use of abstract large-scale classifications hinders a full understanding of the thermal trade-off between single buildings and their immediate surrounding microclimate. Without analytical tools able to capture the complexity of cities with a high resolution, the microspatial dimension of urban climate phenomena cannot be properly addressed. Therefore, this study develops a new method for numerical identification of types, based on geometrical characteristics of buildings and climate-related form attributes of their surroundings in a 25m and 50m radius. The method, applied to the city of Rotterdam, combines quantitative descriptors of urban form, mapping GIS procedures, and clustering techniques. The resulting typo-morphological classification is assessed by modelling temperature, wind, and humidity during a hot summer period, in ENVI-met. Significant correlations are found between the morphotypes’ characteristics and local climate phenomena, highlighting the differences in performative potential between the classified urban patterns. The study suggests that the method can be used to provide insight into the systemic relations between buildings, their context, and the risk of overheating in different urban settings. Finally, the study highlights the relevance of advanced mapping and modelling tools to inform spatial planning and mitigation strategies to reduce the risk of urban overheating.
The paper investigates the practice of energy transition in a Swiss case where the ambitious National Energy Strategies confront these obstacles in managing the implementation phase. The decision makers involved in the project of the Hochschulquartier (HQ), the new University Campus in Zurich, have been interviewed to understand how energy and spatial decision are taken and coordinated at the micro and macro level, and to understand the main constrains. The results show that the practice of spatial-energy integrated decisions needs new forms of coordination, decision structure and procedure, as well as a new role for designers.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:459cb471-e4f4-4c8c-a462-75b32384786c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:459cb471-e4f4-4c8c-a462-75b32384786c","The two and half minute walk: Fast charging of electric vehicles and the economic value of walkability","Mashhoodi, B. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; TU Delft OLD Urban Compositions); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; AMS Institute); van der Blij, N.H. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2019","The number of electric vehicles in the Netherlands has sharply increased over the past decade. This has caused a need for the allocation of a substantial amount of new electric vehicle chargers around the country, which in turn has been acknowledged by a variety of legislative bodies. However, the approach of how these new charging infrastructures need to be spatially distributed has yet to be decided, including the distance that an electric vehicle charger could be allocated from the final destination of its driver. The hypothesis of this study is that if residents walk a longer distance to/from these charging stations, the chargers could be shared by a greater number of electric vehicle owners, and the total cost of the new charging infrastructure could be reduced. By using linear integer programming, the minimum cost of allocating new fast-charging stations in a central, densely populated area of Amsterdam, accounting for 7% of the city’s population, is calculated. The results show that if residents were to walk for five minutes (roughly 400 metres) instead of two and half minutes (roughly 200 metres), the overall cost of new electric vehicle chargers could be reduced by more than 1 million euros. The study also found that both the cost of new charging stations and their efficiency of use are vastly affected by the portion of the charging infrastructure that is saved for people visiting the area. The findings of this study are discussed in detail, including the proposal of potential further studies.","charging infrastructure; Electric vehicles; linear integer programming; set cover problem; walkability","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:a4356c87-81ee-4e6c-876c-8c52bc4e4e01","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a4356c87-81ee-4e6c-876c-8c52bc4e4e01","SPACERGY: Space-Energy Patterns for Smart Energy Infrastructures, Community Reciprocities and Related Governance.","Maiullari, D. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Mosteiro-Romero, Martin (ETH Zürich); de Koning, Remco Elric (Western Norway University of Applied Sciences); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Nes, A. (TU Delft Spatial Planning and Strategy; Western Norway University of Applied Sciences); Schlüter, Arno (ETH Zürich)","","2019","SPACERGY builds upon the need for planning authorities to develop new models to implement energy transition strategies in the urban environment, departing from the exploitation or reciprocity between space and energy systems. Several policies have been made by each EU nation, but effective and practical tools to guide the urban transformations towards a carbon-neutral future present several challenges. The first challenge is to confront long term changes in envisioning how a specific socio-cultural context can respond to the application of solutions for energy efficiency. Secondly, the engagement of communities in bottom-up approaches mainly includes the sphere of urban planning that underestimates the importance of relating spatial transformations with the energy performances generated in the urban environment. The third challenge regards the tools used for the assessment of the energy performance and the necessity of enlarging the scale in which energy demand is analyzed, from the scale of the building to that of the district. In this context, the project explores the role of mobility, spatial morphologies, infrastructural elements and local community participation in regards to the smart use of local resources. The project addresses a knowledge gap in relation to interactions and synergies between spatial programming, energy and mobility systems planning and stakeholder involvement necessary to improve models of development and governance of urban transformations.
Based on detailed spatial morphology and energy use modeling, SPACERGY develops new toolsets and guidelines necessary to advance the implementation of energy-efficient urban districts. New toolsets are tested in three urban areas under development in the cities of Zurich, Almere, and Bergen, acting as living laboratories for real-time research and action in collaboration with local stakeholders. The results of this research project support planners and decision-makers to facilitate the transition of their communities to more efficient, livable and thus prosperous urban environments.
Urban metabolism indicators could play an important role in promoting the science and practice of urban metabolism for sustainability. This paper presents a systematic review of literature centred on defining sustainabilityaimed urban metabolism indicators to improve the integration of urban metabolism and urban sustainability. Furthermore, this paper concentrates on two indicator sets (emergy synthesis and material flow analysis [MFA]), examining the relationship between these indicators and the three dimensions of sustainability (environment, economy, and society) in the literature. The paper thus builds
a bridge between urban metabolism and urban sustainability in the hope that urban metabolism indicators can be used to measure and assess urban sustainability.","urban metabolism; urban metabolism indicator; sustainability; CIMO approach","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:868e81c0-8964-46d5-a99a-16547deb7e30","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:868e81c0-8964-46d5-a99a-16547deb7e30","District-scale energy demand modeling and urban microclimate: A case study in the Netherlands","Mosteiro-Romero, Martin (ETH Zürich); Maiullari, D. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Collins, Fiona (ETH Zürich); Schlueter, Arno (ETH Zürich); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2019","District-scale energy demand models are powerful tools to understand complex urban areas, however these models generally use average weather data from rural locations, thus overlooking the effects of the urban context on the local climate. In order to analyze the effects of urban microclimate on space cooling demand, this paper uses microclimate simulation results from ENVI-met as inputs to a district-scale energy demand model, the City Energy Analyst (CEA), to assess the performance of a proposed masterplan for a new residential district in Almere, the Netherlands.","","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:407231bb-45fc-4660-96fd-53ff03bd45f5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:407231bb-45fc-4660-96fd-53ff03bd45f5","Facilitating circular economy in urban planning","Remøy, H.T. (TU Delft Real Estate Management); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Ceric, Denis (Polish Academy of Sciences); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2019","A shift towards a more Circular Economy is crucial to achieve a more sustainable and inclusive built environment that meets future demands. Circular Economy is a promising concept for industry and society. If implemented well, Circular Economy can deliver environmental benefits and economic advantages for which innovation is essential. To achieve a resource-efficient built environment the Circular Economy should be developed and implemented systemically and on a large scale, going beyond cities. To realise this, local authorities, citizens, and other stakeholders need a collaborative and science-informed decision environment that allows for developing different waste and resource management options, and assessing their impacts on the environment, resilience, spatial quality and quality of life. The articles in this special issue all discuss different aspects of research to deliver solutions and strategies for a circular economy in urban planning throughout Europe, focusing on peri-urban locations. The first article introduces Living Labs as a methodology to co-create circular solutions and strategies with local stakeholders. The second article focuses on governance for the shift towards a Circular Economy, unravelling hindrances and revealing objectives, whereas the third article develops a means to transfer circular strategies and solutions from one location to another. The fourth article presents an open-source tool based on the geodesign approach which links the co-creation of design proposals to impact simulations informed by geographic contexts, systems thinking, and digital technology—the Geodesign Decision Support Environment. Finally, the fifth article presents the first results of incorporating the concept of Circular Economy in an integrative manner in urban design and planning courses.","Circular economy; Circular metabolism; Geo decision support environment; Knowledge transfer; New ways of governance; Peri-urban living labs; Resource management; Urban metabolism; Waste management; Wastescapes","en","contribution to periodical","","","","","","","","","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:9b680ca5-1b95-422d-8049-b5d15ced33a9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9b680ca5-1b95-422d-8049-b5d15ced33a9","Global urbanization and food production in direct competition for land: Leverage places to mitigate impacts on SDG2 and on the Earth System","Barthel, Stephan (University of Gävle; Stockholm University); Isendahl, Christian (University of Gothenburg); Vis, Benjamin N. (University of Kent); Drescher, Axel (Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg); Evans, Daniel L. (Lancaster University); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2019","Global urbanization and food production are in direct competition for land. This paper carries out a critical review of how displacing crop production from urban and peri-urban land to other areas – because of issues related to soil quality – will demand a substantially larger proportion of the Earth’s terrestrial land surface than the surface area lost to urban encroachment. Such relationships may trigger further distancing effects and unfair social-ecological teleconnections. It risks also setting in motion amplifying effects within the Earth System. In combination, such multiple stressors set the scene for food riots in cities of the Global South. Our review identifies viable leverage points on which to act in order to navigate urban expansion away from fertile croplands. We first elaborate on the political complexities in declaring urban and peri-urban lands with fertile soils as one global commons. We find that the combination of an advisory global policy aligned with regional policies enabling robust common properties rights for bottom-up actors and movements in urban and peri-urban agriculture (UPA) as multi-level leverage places to intervene. To substantiate the ability of aligning global advisory policy with regional planning, we review both past and contemporary examples where empowering local social-ecological UPA practices and circular economies have had a stimulating effect on urban resilience and helped preserve, restore, and maintain urban lands with healthy soils.","cropland; economic globalization; food security; Global South; global sustainability; human resilience; social-ecological teleconnection; soil health; urban and peri-urban agriculture; urbanization","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:8ec13186-66ce-475d-be82-3963cac8ce5b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8ec13186-66ce-475d-be82-3963cac8ce5b","Beyond wastescapes: Towards circular landscapes. addressing the spatial dimension of circularity through the regeneration of wastescapes","Amenta, L. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS))","","2018","Wastescapes are the result of unsustainable linear growth processes and their spatial consequences within the context of urban metabolic flows and related infrastructure. They represent the operational infrastructure for waste management and include Drosscapes, generating complex relations with the servicing and surrounding territory. In particular, the peri-urban areas are spatially affected by these processes. This often leads to ineffective use and/or abandonment because they are currently impossible to use, demanding impactful (and often expensive) regeneration and revalorization to make them usable again. Being part of the urban metabolic process, wastescapes are in a continuous state of dynamic equilibrium. They can be considered crucial areas from a metropolitan perspective because they have the potential to become innovative spatial contexts or resources in a Circular Economy (CE), which aims to overcome the crises of both resource scarcity and spatial fragmentation. However, common and shared definitions of wastescapes are still missing at the European policy level, as only classical categories of material waste are generally mentioned. Wastescapes can be considered as 'potentiality contexts' where developing, testing, and implementing Eco-Innovative Solutions (EIS) can be done. By doing so, wastescapes can help start transitions towards a CE. This can be achieved by using Peri-urban Living Labs (PULL), which have the potential to be the virtual and physical environments in which experimenting the collaborative co-creation process for developing EIS can be done. Doing so will allow for the improvement of waste management and for the revalorization of wastescapes in collaboration with all potential stakeholders.","Circular economy; Eco-innovation; Sustainability; Urban metabolism; Wastescapes","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:59ea8087-e25d-4fb6-a31c-455a7c452bf0","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:59ea8087-e25d-4fb6-a31c-455a7c452bf0","Social-Ecological-Technical systems in urban planning for a circular economy: an opportunity for horizontal integration","van der Leer, Janneke (Sweco); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2018","The Circular Economy (CE) is receiving interest worldwide as a way to overcome the currently dominating linear and wasteful production and consumption models of our society. Currently the implementation of CE thinking into practice is still in an early stage. As the main hubs of consumption and to a more limited extent also, production, metropolitan areas often are seen as crucial to achieving a successful transition towards a CE, and therefore it is necessary to find ways to integrate a CE based approach into urban planning practice. In this paper literature dealing with the concept of the CE is reviewed within an urban planning framework to examine how well integrated it is in the built environment, both vertically and horizontally, in ideas prevalent in CE literature. The paper aims to contribute to the understanding of how the concept of CE can be integrated into urban planning practice with a view to enabling urban planners to integrate CE into their work to further accelerate the implementation of CE in metropolitan areas. In this paper a framework is presented for understanding opportunities for the integration of CE into urban planning.","Amsterdam metropolitan area; Circular economy; integrated approach; SETS; systemic approach; urban planning","en","journal article","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2019-08-31","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:b6fc3e09-5ce5-42e5-bc18-8b8bee589138","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b6fc3e09-5ce5-42e5-bc18-8b8bee589138","Local determinants of household gas and electricity consumption in Randstad region, Netherlands: application of geographically weighted regression","Mashhoodi, B. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; TU Delft OLD Urban Compositions); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; AMS)","","2018","The previous studies on household energy consumption (HEC) are based on an implicit assumption: the impact of geographic determinants on HEC is uniform across a given region, and such impacts could be unveiled regardless of geographic location of households in question. Consequently, these studies have searched for global determinants which explain HEC of all areas. This study aim at examining validity of this assumption in Randstad region by putting forward a question regarding households’ gas and electricity consumption: are the determinants global, stationary across all the areas of the region, or local, varying from one location to another? By application of geographically weighted regression, impact of socioeconomic, housing, land cover and morphological indicators on HEC is studied. It is established that the determinants of HEC are local. This result led to second question: what are the main determinants of gas and electricity consumption in different neighborhoods of Randstad? The results show that variety of factors could be the most effective determinant of gas consumption in different neighborhoods: building age, household size and inhabitants’ age, inhabitants’ income and private housing tenure, building compactness. Whereas, in case of electricity consumption the picture is more deterministic: in most of the neighborhoods the most effective factors are inhabitants’ income and private tenure.","Household energy consumption; Geographically weighted regression; Gas; Electricity; Randstad; Netherlands","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:fae67183-8dca-4c20-8a41-6bf0f21e5523","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fae67183-8dca-4c20-8a41-6bf0f21e5523","Evaluating sustainable urban development using urban metabolism indicators in urban design","Song, Y. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Lopes Gil, J.A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2018","Urban metabolism is a multi-disciplinary approach to qualitatively and quantitatively evaluate resource flows in urban systems, which aims to provide important insights into the dynamics of cities to make them more ecologically responsible. It has been also introduced into the urban design domain, however most of the attempts concern only tracking of energy and/or material flows to reduce environmental impacts by redesigning closed loops in a specific area. The hypothesis of this paper is that the concept of urban metabolism, and its indicators, could play an important role in advancing the science and practice related to sustainability in urban design and development. At the moment, however we lack indicators to support evaluation of urban design related decisions from the perspective of urban metabolism. The aim of this paper is to explore the application of urban metabolism indicators in urban design based on their characteristics. It reviews development periods of the concept and analytical models of urban metabolism, in order to identify crucial urban metabolism indicators for urban design. Next, these urban metabolism indicators are classified regarding type of analytical model, accounting method, indicator type, and indicator level. Finally, several suggestions are offered on how to integrate urban metabolism indicators into urban design. In addition, directions for future research on the topic are discussed.","urban metabolism indicator; sustainable urban development; urban design","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:cc11ba9b-606c-44ca-8db0-4392c7d50037","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cc11ba9b-606c-44ca-8db0-4392c7d50037","Introducing spatial variability to the impact significance assessment","Sileryte, R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Lopes Gil, J.A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","Mansourian, Ali (editor); Pilesjö, Petter (editor); Harrie, Lars (editor); van Lammeren, Ron (editor)","2018","The concept of Circular Economy has gained momentum during the last decade. Yet unsustainable circular systems can also create unintended social, economic and environmental damage. Sustainability is highly dependent on a system’s geographical context, such as location of resources, cultural acceptance, economic, environmental and transport geography. While in some cases an impact of the proposed change may be considered equally significant under all circumstances (e.g. increase of carbon emissions as a main contributor to the global climate change), many impacts may change both their direction and the extent of significance dependent on their context (e.g. land consumption may be positively evaluated if applied to abandoned territories or negatively if a forest needs to be sacrificed). The geographical context, (i.e. its sensitivity, vulnerability or potential) is commonly assessed by Spatial Decision Support Systems. However, currently those systems typically do not perform an actual impact assessment as impact characteristics stay constant regardless of location. Likewise, relevant Impact Assessment methods, although gradually becoming more spatial, assume their context as invariable. As a consequence, impact significance so far is also a spatially unvarying concept. However, current technological developments allow to rapidly record, analyse and visualise spatial data. This article introduces the concept of spatially varying impact significance assessment, by reviewing its current definitions in literature, and analysing to what extent the concept is applied in existing assessment methods. It concludes with a formulation of spatially varying impact significance assessment for innovation in the field of impact assessment.","Impact significance assessment; Impact significance determination; Spatial decision support; Spatial differentiation","en","conference paper","Springer","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2018-09-24","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:25e6a5f6-a261-4460-a6b1-f7555a97a27f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:25e6a5f6-a261-4460-a6b1-f7555a97a27f","Spatial homogeneity and heterogeneity of energy poverty: a neglected dimension","Mashhoodi, B. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; TU Delft OLD Urban Compositions); Stead, D. (TU Delft Spatial Planning and Strategy); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS))","","2018","Since the 1970s, a variety of studies has searched for the sociodemographic, housing and economic determinants of energy poverty. A central question, however, has not been answered by any of the previous studies: what are the national-level determinants, i.e. the determinants that homogeneously provoke a high level of energy poverty in all areas of a country? What are the neighbourhood-specific determinants, i.e. the characteristics that have a heterogeneous impact across the neighbourhoods of a country? This study seeks to answer these questions by analysing the level of energy poverty, the percentage of households’ disposable income spent on energy expenditure, in 2473 neighbourhoods of the Netherlands in 2014. By employing a semi-parametric geographically weighted regression analysis, the effects of two of the determinants of energy poverty are found to be spatially homogeneous: (i) percentage of low-income households and (ii) percentage of pensioners. The results indicate that the impacts of six of the determinants are spatially heterogeneous: (i) household size, (ii) percentage of unemployment, (iii) building age, (iv) percentage of privately rented dwellings, (v) number of summer days and (vi) number of frost days. Subsequently, the effects of spatially homogeneous and heterogeneous determinants are estimated and mapped; the results are discussed and some policy implications are proposed.","energy poverty; household energy consumption; Household energy expenditure; Netherlands; semi-parametric geographically weighted regression","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:02c3468d-5615-49ec-9397-5858ee5ddf88","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:02c3468d-5615-49ec-9397-5858ee5ddf88","Impact Modelling for Circular Economy: Geodesign Discussion Support Environment","Sileryte, R. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Wandl, Alex (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","Bregt, Arnold (editor); Sarjakoski, Tapani (editor); van Lammeren, Ron (editor); Rip, Frans (editor)","2017","Transitioning towards circular economy requires changes in the current system which yield a number of impacts on such fundamental values as human health, natural environment, exhaustible resources, social well-being and prosperity. Moreover, this process involves multiple actors and requires careful considerations of ample spatial information. While plenty of systems have already been developed to support the decision-making process, up to date no standardized framework exists for spatial modelling of impacts. The poster is based on the ongoing research and aims to suggest a standardized, yet flexible approach for impact modelling using the core concepts of GIS. The framework is expected to ensure consistency and comparability between outputs of automated simulations and elicitation of impacts defined by stakeholders and prepare impact modelling guidelines that aim to overcome the characteristics of a single project and be reused in other GDSEs.","Geodesign; Impact Modelling; Resource Management","en","conference paper","Wageningen University","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:0b9196b6-fb88-4621-8b1c-fc3e8f984a32","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0b9196b6-fb88-4621-8b1c-fc3e8f984a32","Building Scenarios in Urban Energy Transition: A trans-disciplinary method for integrated spatial energy design","Maiullari, D. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2017","Within an energy transition process in the urban environment, a successful implementation of strategies requires the capacity of communities to develop and explore various visions and make decisions within an uncertain and complex context. To achieve a reduction of energy demand and to introduce technologies for production, storage and re-use of energy, different scenario types have been applied in energy and spatial planning in order to explore future pathways supporting and guiding decision makers. These are often used to compare the energy performance of different possible solutions and technological measures, underestimating physical and local spatial components to support integrated design processes, where spatial and energy urban systems can create a synergy for a better performance. This paper describes the elaboration and the application of a transdisciplinary Design Oriented Scenarios (DOS) method for energy transition strategies, which is being developed within the framework of the JPI Urban Europe research project ‘SPACERGY’. The DOS method, employed in the Hochschulquartier in Zurich, Switzerland, combines normative, descriptive and explorative components. It aims to help decision makers in a complex multi-actor process by setting common ‘internal’ transition objectives, sharing and creating a multidisciplinary common ground, and exploring alternative spatial and energy performative visions.","Scenario; Living Lab; energy transition; urban design; Zurich","en","conference paper","Network for Comfort and Energy Use in Buildings (NCEUB)","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:ee1e1f31-b3ea-40d4-a109-a554d39c7cb1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ee1e1f31-b3ea-40d4-a109-a554d39c7cb1","Leverage smart utility networks to benefit Aerotropolis","Boersma, K.; Wall, R.; Van den Dobbelsteen, A.A.J.F.; Van Timmeren, A.; Mashhoodi, B.","","2016","Since 2008 humanity is officially and urbanized species. Homo Urbanus consumes 75% of energy in buildings and transportation [Battle 2006]. Thus, the key to finding solutions to the effects of climate change is to be found in urban areas. This article focuses on the aerotropolis with at their core the airport. It explores how these regions can leverage the dynamics of our global economy and the development of smart utility networks to become resilient urban regions. In doing so the article gives a holistic perspective and identifies three key drivers.","","en","journal article","TVVL","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architectural Engineering and Technology","","","",""
"uuid:a85ed94c-5046-4d9b-be02-ce41ce3b9aa3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a85ed94c-5046-4d9b-be02-ce41ce3b9aa3","Development and Realisation of the Concept House ‘Delft’ Prototype: An Example of a Collaborative Concept Development for Energy Positive Apartments","Eekhout, A.J.C.M.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2016","The Delft Prototype is a single apartment from a not yet realized Concept House Urban Villa, which consists of 16 apartments on 4 floors. Both the urban villa and the prototype demonstrate the characteristics of high level industrial production with an extremely low ecological footprint, as well as being energy-positive in use, and both are suitable for multi-storey housing. The research, development, production and built prototype resulted in a unique innovation on the Dutch building market: a sustainable energy-positive apartment system for medium-rise energy-positive housing. This scientific report deals with the history, development and realization process of the prototype up to the completion of the building phase, after which the prototype was furnished and the garden landscaped, culminating with the opening of the prototype in October 2012. The development was initiated by Mick Eekhout’s Chair of Product Development at the TU Delft at the specific request of the building industry and was carried out in close collaboration with a consortium of partners from the SME building supply industry. Innovation continues to progress in these partner industries. The entire project was externally financed for the 8 years of its duration. Apart from initiative and natural project leadership, the innovative contribution of the Chair included the design, coordination and integration of the many components into the single coherent entity of the Concept House ‘Delft’ Prototype.","Architecture & Design; Engineering","en","book","IOS Press - Delft University Press","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architectural Engineering +Technology","","","",""
"uuid:d55df6d5-d2cb-4146-9833-d2788efe3042","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d55df6d5-d2cb-4146-9833-d2788efe3042","'Zero Transition' in housing areas prosper by balancing municipality-control and citizen-participation: By bundling of Dutch IKS2 case-study results in a PhD following-up","Sanders, F.C. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Building Product Innovation; TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design)","","2016","To speed-up climate neutrality of Dutch cities National-government started 4 neighbourhood housing area innovation projects concerning citizen participation (IKS2). The participatory fascination of these projects lays in the gradations of citizen participation being: thinking-along, joining-in and investing-in. The conclusion of analyzing these projects are: 1. The sustainable results of citizen participation are the best in situations of thinking-along and investingin as long local government manages the control, and 2. Local actors have to be taken along from the start of such municipality projects, because they motivate others.","","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:f9a00d35-cbc0-48fc-a77e-410091de5fb1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f9a00d35-cbc0-48fc-a77e-410091de5fb1","Comparison of standing wave ratio method and transfer function method for measuring sound absorbing properties of 3d-printed samples","Setaki, F. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Tenpierik, M.J. (TU Delft Building Physics); van Timmeren, A. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Turrin, M. (TU Delft Design Informatics)","","2016","","","en","book chapter","","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:687a8c93-afd3-461c-8297-d47a679f3a76","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:687a8c93-afd3-461c-8297-d47a679f3a76","Relocating a city, challenges and opportunities for the transition of the water infrastructure in Kiruna","Leonhardt, G.; Kuzniecow Bacchin, T.; Mair, M.; Zischg, J.; Ljung, S.; Rogers, B.; Goldkuhl, L.; Gustafsson, A.; Sitzenfrei, R.; Blecken, G.; Ashley, R.; Rauch, W.; van Timmeren, A.; Viklander, M.","","2015","The city of Kiruna in Northern Sweden has become known for the need to relocate major parts of the city. Current and future mining activities in the world’s largest underground iron ore mine are the cause of land subsidence that requires relocation of substantial parts of the town including its water infrastructure. Figure 1 shows the area currently affected and projections thereof for the future. The process of relocating the city has started already and will continue for a few decades. It implies the construction of new urban areas and at the same time demolition in abandoned areas. With regard to the life span of water infrastructure, all actions taken now and in the near future will have an impact over five to ten decades. These circumstances place special demands on processes and technical solutions with regard to robustness, flexibility and mobility and require dealing with changes that cannot yet be foreseen.","climate change; cold climate; deconstruction; Green/Blue infrastructure; water infrastructure transition","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:cc2e9765-f2eb-449e-aff6-754e0fa09e5e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cc2e9765-f2eb-449e-aff6-754e0fa09e5e","The Impact of Historical Geography and Agricultural Land Development Processes on Wetland Restoration Methods Used to Create Ecological Networks: A Comparison of Japan and the Netherlands","Hara, Y.; Hooimeijer, F.L.; Nijhuis, S.; Ryu, M.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","In the Osaka area in the 1880s, rice was grown mostly in dry fields in upland areas, and a few paddy fields were situated on the natural wet landforms along the major rivers and streams on the Osaka Plain. As the area developed, dry fields became irrigated, and the lowland fields were filled and converted to urban land uses. For the Osaka city region, developed in this historical context, an ecological network has been proposed by the national government in 2006. The proposal was partially influenced by ecological network planning in the Netherlands, and it focuses on spatial patterns and wetland restoration measures at a limited number of sites. However, its historical geography is not taken into consideration. Therefore we examined historical land-use changes in the Osaka area and then compared restoration projects in both countries. On the one hand, we found some similarities in wetland restoration processes and measures at unused industrial sites in reclaimed coastal areas in Japan (the Osaka Nankou Bird Sanctuary) and the Netherlands (the Oostvaardersplassen). There are, on the other hand, notable differences in appropriate wetland restoration measures in farmland areas. Some potential wetland restoration candidates in Japan require either winter flooding or the resumption of labor-intensive agricultural practices in abandoned paddy fields, because many of these sites were naturally dry before the introduction of irrigation. In the Netherlands (e.g., at Tiengemeten), however, this was not a problem because areas are being converted from drained fields to natural wetlands. To conclude, regional considerations are therefore important when ecological networks are planned, and the perspective of historical geography is essential when networks are planned with wetland restoration as a core element.","ecological network; wetland restoration; rice field; delta; land reclamation; historical geography","en","journal article","Faculty of Architecture, Chulalongkorn University","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:e648f794-789f-427b-af22-399e2deeee70","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e648f794-789f-427b-af22-399e2deeee70","Green-blue multifunctional infrastructure: An urban landscape system design new approach","Kuzniecow Bacchin, T.; Ashley, R.; Sijmons, D.F.; Zevenbergen, C.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","Cities exhibit unique and ever-changing spatial layouts formed by nested natural and socio-economic systems, sub-systems and components resulting from exchange, interaction, and interdependency processes. In this context, managing surface water in urban areas requires new approaches that integrate the knowledge about territorial patterns and processes into the development of management practices and control structures designed for hydraulic and ecological performance. As integrated systems, green, blue and grey water infrastructure can reduce runoff, increase biodiversity and offer cultural/health benefits through public access to valued natural resources. This article introduces a tool using ArcGIS and EPA SWMM platforms to analyse the spatial configuration and composition of the urbanised landscape, designing nested networks of green, blue and grey spaces relevant to the scale of analysis. An example was provided for the City of Porto Alegre, Brazil. The article demonstrates the use of combined spatial/network analysis, hierarchical design and hydrodynamic modelling in playing a strategic role in advancing the integration of urban planning, ecosystems services objectives and sustainable stormwater management practices.","urban landscape planning; urban ecology; ecosystem services; multifunctional infrastructure; flood risk; sustainable stormwater management; liveability","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:73938eff-b09f-431f-85d8-7db588517ea4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73938eff-b09f-431f-85d8-7db588517ea4","Analogies as Creative Inspiration Sources in the Design Studio: The Teamwork","Casakin, H.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","Analogical reasoning can be seen as an important aid in problem solving, and architectural design problem solving in particular. Analogical reasoning was found to be an important aid supporting architectural education. In this paper we explored the use of visual and verbal analogies in the early phases of the design process when student designers work alone and as a team. In addition, we investigated the contribution of different types of analogy on the creativity of the final design outcome. In an empirical study the use of visual and verbal analogies were compared in regard to the question of how designers deal with different problem solving activities during the design process. Findings showed that the help provided by visual analogy was mainly successful in a definition of the problem, clarifications of ideas, and evaluations of solutions. Verbal analogy, on the other hand, was particular successful in generating design ideas. Both types of analogies contributed to the originality and aesthetic value of the final design outcome. Independently of the type of analogy used, working in team was found to be fundamental to enrich different aspects of the design activity. Implications for design education are discussed.","analogy; verbal; visual; individual designer; teamwork; creativity; design education","en","conference paper","Athens Institute for Education and Research","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:9d427722-bca3-44c1-b10f-2d0d775d0653","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9d427722-bca3-44c1-b10f-2d0d775d0653","Urban form and fitness: Towards a space-morphological approach to general urban resilience","Forgaci, C.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","Assessment is one of the greatest challenges of urban resilience research. The difficulty of this task arises from the increasing complexity of urban environments and from the unpredictability of external changes, two trends that have raised environmental awareness and, consequently, led to a growing debate on the relationship between city and nature. We join this debate by looking at urban resilience through the lens of urban form. We refer to urban form as a product of the continuous tension between recovery and adaptation on several spatial and temporal scales of transformation. Although recent resilience approaches, such as spatial resilience, general resilience, and urban resilience, have dealt with urban form indirectly, and, conversely, some studies in urban morphology have tried to grasp the complexity of urban-natural environments, an explicit morphological perspective on urban resilience is still lacking in research. The paper is divided in three main parts: formal treatments of resilience (spatial, urban, and general), resilience of urban form (fitness, performance, and sustainability), and a network perspective on the two concepts. It concludes with a discussion on the possibility of a spacemorphological approach to general urban resilience.","general urban resilience; urban form; environmental fitness; space-morphology","en","conference paper","International Sustainable Development Research Society (ISDRS)","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:fa46a750-7e4e-4f30-b5e2-b1d14f15c56d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fa46a750-7e4e-4f30-b5e2-b1d14f15c56d","A spatial-hormetic approach to urban resilience","Forgaci, C.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","While the complexity of urban environments is growing, the effectiveness of action-driven strategies appears to be decreasing. This paper speculates on three alternative approaches: (1) strategies of inaction; (2) strategies of subtraction or, even more, (3) strategies of hormesis, that keep their subject (cities, neighbourhoods, communities, etc. in our case) under a small, controlled and continuous dosage of stress, with the purpose of strengthening it for the eventuality of a possible future large shock of the same kind. The last strategy may be rooted in the first two if inaction or subtraction causes deprivation, especially when, say, consciously inducing lower-than-usual levels in relative comfort of living. In this sense, the paper is testing the hypothesis that by applying such strategies in urban environments we will improve social-ecological resilience. And this “requires understanding of ecosystems that incorporates the knowledge of local users” (Folke et al., 2002, p. 438), but also – as claimed in this paper – the understanding of how social processes can minimize their impact through calculated and targeted inaction, with the ultimate goal of improving the capacity of our urban environments to face disruptive change. Social processes need to embrace change and let ecological processes help in responding to it. Three cases will illustrate real-world situations that may offer insight into the potential effect of such strategies in resilience building. The first case – an abandoned 189 hectares large retention lakeinside the city of Bucharest transformed into an ecological ‘oasis’ with the biodiversity of a delta – shows how inaction can lead to unexpectedly high ecological qualities. Second, the Dutch woonerf and the concept of shared space are shown as examples of targeted subtraction. The third case looks at the inhabitants of Venice and their lifestyle adapted to regular seasonal floods. Of course, this is a situation where ecological resilience is very low, but, as the interaction between social and ecological systems forced people to adapt, social resilience seems to be high. These three cases will be concluded with a discussion on how to formulate strategies that eliminate unnecessary action and on understanding to what extent urban systems can live with induced stress without suffering from it.","action bias; inaction; subtraction; hormesis; urban resilience","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:ec76ce2f-5e93-42f2-911f-7a9a0810aa78","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ec76ce2f-5e93-42f2-911f-7a9a0810aa78","Strategic integration of public transport networks with airport infrastructure in the megalopolis of Central Mexico: Evolution and challenges","Salinas, C.R.; Garcia Cejudo, D.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2014","Airports represent the contemporary global gateways of metropolitan areas worldwide. In the case of the megalopolis of Central Mexico, air transport was traditionally used only by upper social segments of the population, however, during the last years, the introduction of low-cost airlines in the country has caused that the amount and economic range of people travelling by plane is expanding to other social segments requiring more affordable means of getting to the airport than those traditionally used in the past such as private car or taxis. The starting point of this paper is the analysis of the airport infrastructure of Mexico City, which largely comes down to five airports: AICM, Toluca, Puebla, Cuernavaca and Queretaro. Investigated is their interrelation and the integration of public transport networks on both the local and the regional scale. In spite of their role as relevant attractors in these specific airport regions and therefore necessary transport connections they require (not only for their travellers, but also for the people working at them), airports in the megalopolis of Mexico can be characterized by their lack of integration with public transport networks. Notably, the development of airport infrastructure has been realized gradually over the years and in most cases public transport connection, if implemented at all, was done in later stages of the airport infrastructure development process. In the megalopolis of Mexico City this lack of integration affects negatively the attractiveness of the alternative venues of the metropolitan airport network that are currently underused, indirectly contributing to the fast saturation of Mexico City main (international) airport, and negatively affecting the competitiveness of the other cities of the larger metropolitan region. This paper states that the development of mobility networks linking different airports to public transport in the region could be used as a strategic tool not only for enhancing airport accessibility, but also for improving the sustainable urban development and mobility in the larger metropolitan region for different types of regular (non-airport related) users of public transport. Taking into account the current trends of development of public transport in the region (BRT, metro, trains) and the region’s airport accessibility is problematic, this paper explores the following hypotheses: What if the new proposed train lines and BRT systems in the metropolitan areas of the larger Mexico City region were used as tools for accessibility of this ‘megalopolis’ in a wider sense? and: What if those systems were used as part of a strategic vision for mobility linking the different metropolitan areas of the megalopolis of Mexico? Therefore, this paper explores the possibilities and potentials for improving the integration of the five existing airports to public transport as well as the challenges this integration would face and the benefits this might bring for the larger metropolitan region of Mexico City.","airport accessibility; Mexico City airport network; multi-airport network; megalopolis of Central Mexico; multi-modal public transport integration","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:090cafd3-1406-4355-9e45-bd895cadb5fc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:090cafd3-1406-4355-9e45-bd895cadb5fc","From community resilience towards urban resilience: Exploring the grassroot initiatives' role in cities","Meijer, S.A.; Van Timmeren, A.; Crul, M.R.M.; Brezet, J.C.","","2013","Climate change and resource scarcity effects pose challenges by themselves. In the context of the complexity of cities, these challenges become wicked and ill-defined as e.g. socialeconomic issues are added. To face these challenges, a city’s resilience on multiple scales has to enable it to both mitigate the causes and adapt to the aforementioned effects. In resilience literature the concept of panarchy connects resilience of multiple scales in a system, e.g. a city, and shows a causal relationship between them: a system is only as resilient as it’s sub-systems. Much like a chain being as strong as its weakest link. Despite the panarchy-principle, the complexity of the city thwarts pointing out the effects increasing resilience in a sub-system may have on the scale of the city. In an era of disruptions so significant that we refer to them in a single-name shorthand (think: 9/11, Katrina, Fukushima, Haiti, Sandy) what gives cities their ability to bounce back? In this study we focus on the social systems in cities, and specifically on grassroots initiatives. The number of grassroots initiatives (GRI’s) has increased tremendously over the last 10 years. Two major groups can be identified: those instigated by an immediate cause, e.g. in the wake of disasters like hurricane Katrina or Sandy, and those dealing with long term goals, such as those that are sustainability driven like the Transition Town movement. The latter GRI’s actively shape cities through themes like food growing, insulation of residential buildings , local energy generation, and civil participation. GRIs operate on the lowest organisational level in cities and form a loose, but potentially large system within the city. The hypothesis of this study is that despite the complexity of cities, GRIs contribute significantly to the social resilience of cities. To investigate this effect, a good understanding of their role in cities is necessary. This paper reviews relevant literature and combines them with observations to formulate a framework, within which GRIs can be placed. To test this framework, a first case study is done. Additionally, directions for further research will be discussed.","","en","conference paper","Delft University of Technology","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","Design Engineering","","","",""
"uuid:fed0a361-9800-484b-b6c7-67e353950d46","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fed0a361-9800-484b-b6c7-67e353950d46","Sustainable urban regeneration based on energy balance","Van Timmeren, A.; Zwetsloot, J.; Brezet, H.; Silvester, S.","","2012","In this paper, results are reported of a technology assessment of the use and integration of decentralized energy systems and storage devices in an urban renewal area. First the general context of a different approach based on 'rethinking' and the incorporation of ongoing integration of coming economical and environmental interests on infrastructure, in relation to the sustainable urban development and regeneration from the perspective of the tripod people, technology and design is elaborated. However, this is at different scales, starting mainly from the perspective of the urban dynamics. This approach includes a renewed look at the ‘urban metabolism’ and the role of environmental technology, urban ecology and environment behavior focus. Second, the potential benefits of strategic and balanced introduction and use of decentralized devices and electric vehicles (EVs), and attached generation based on renewables are investigated in more detail in the case study of the ‘Merwe-Vierhaven’ area (MW4) in the Rotterdam city port in the Netherlands. In order to optimize the energy balance of this urban renewal area, it is found to be impossible to do this by tuning the energy consumption. It is more effective to change the energy mix and related infrastructures. However, the problem in existing urban areas is that often these areas are restricted to a few energy sources due to lack of available space for integration. Besides this, energy consumption in most cases is relatively concentrated in (existing) urban areas. This limits the potential of sustainable urban regeneration based on decentralized systems, because there is no balanced choice regarding the energy mix based on renewables and system optimization. Possible solutions to obtain a balanced energy profile can come from either the choice to not provide all energy locally, or by adding different types of storage devices to the systems. The use of energy balance based on renewables as a guiding principle, as elaborated in the MW4 case study, is a new approach in the field. It may enhance existing communities, and in some cases result in both the saving and demolition of parts of neighborhoods, which were not foreseen, while at the same time direct introduction of flexible appliances within the energy system for (temporary) storage. It is concluded that the best achievable energy balance in the MW4 area consists of an elaboration in which a smart grid is able to shift the load of flexible devices and charge EVs via smart charging while energy generation is based upon the renewables biomass, wind, tides and the sun. The introduction of new sustainable technologies makes a protected environment for development evident. As for system configuration, the choices arise mainly from technical and social optimisation. In fact, the social, or user-related criteria will be decisive for enduring sustainability.","energy approach planning; sustainable energy balance; storage; flexible devices; infrastructures; case study","en","journal article","MDPI","","","","","","","","Architecture","Building Technology","","","",""
"uuid:bafc3c76-0fe2-443b-9e41-45aff1d63612","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bafc3c76-0fe2-443b-9e41-45aff1d63612","Smart use of storage potentials of electric vehicles for renewable energy generation in the built environment: A design scenario","Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, T.C.; Silvester, S.","","2011","In this paper, results are reported of a technology assessment of use of electrical vehicles for energy storage (of renewable sources), their integration in the built environment and attached required power and charging systems for the Netherlands. This was done as part of the DIEMIGO project on integration of electrical mobility in the built environment. Around the world several concepts for EV charging and EV/Building interfaces have been developed, or are under development. In general however integrated smart grid concepts, comfortable charging or user focused services and innovative charging are still lacking and mostly based on the principle of relatively simple “technical fixes” and do not address to problems to be solved in case of large scale introduction of Electric Mobility. Moreover, integration in the built environment is poor and full of potential pitfalls, especially as for security of supply when implemented at large numbers. We present the main results of an integrated scenario development study for the introduction of electric vehicles at ‘the Grounds’ location at Schiphol airport Amsterdam, in 2030. Firstly, relevant technological developments are summarized. Subsequently a transition is investigated from the current fossil fuel based transport system to also having vehicles that are powered by grid supplied electricity (G2V) and deliver electricity back to the grid (V2G), with energy generation based on renewables. Our purpose is to give an overview of these aspects for the entire system. In this study, the entire chain is therefore taken into account: the electrical grid and infrastructure and attached generation based on renewables, the coupling between car and infrastructure (user interface) and the vehicles themselves. This results in a broad set of issues that need to be dealt with in a large-scale transition towards electrical mobility from which conditions and recommendations can be derived. The outcomes of this research show that a high penetration of electric mobility into the built environment can be achieved generating little environmental impact, resulting in full integration within innovative and comfortable green urban areas. With the implementation of new transport technologies, unique services, and advanced sustainable energy production and management systems, it gives opportunity to build on the values of a progressive society to offer a innovate, inspiring but foremost sustainable environment.","e-mobility; renewable energy generation & -storage; vehicle to grid; grid to vehicle","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Architecture","Building Technology","","","",""
"uuid:b76f9148-136c-47ce-9e91-930a1beda037","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b76f9148-136c-47ce-9e91-930a1beda037","Electric Mobility & the Urban Environment: The Schiphol Case","Silvester, S.; Beella, S.K.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","The introduction of electric mobility is one of the promising options to create a more sustainable mobility system for the future. Electric vehicles offer the promise of major reductions in local CO2, NOX and particulate emissions. In addition, electric vehicles are silent, easy to service and have high ‘well-to-wheel’ energy efficiency. However, the introduction of electric vehicles into society also poses several important challenges. Current electric vehicle technologies have limitations with respect to ease of use, driving range, and time-to-charge, and are relatively expensive. Moreover, the use of electric vehicles requires an adequate charging and electric grid infrastructure, as well as dedicated solutions for vehicle charging and storage that are optimally integrated into the built environment. In this paper the results are presented of a ‘design inclusive research’ project for the introduction of electric vehicles in the urban environment. Researchers & designers from architecture, industrial design, electrical engineering and technology assessment were involved. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was a taken as a challenging case. The Schiphol Group has the ambition to develop its properties and business park areas in more sustainable a socially responsible way. Electric mobility is therefore one of the options to consider. The results show that it is possible to create a multifunctional, sustainable and comfortable urban area in which the electric mobility is very well integrated. It even can be stated that the sustainable urban development is becoming more feasible by the clever combination of renewableenergy, electricity grid design, inductive Park&Charge and customized electric vehicle services.","electric mobility; urban environment","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:f30889ae-701f-4d63-b08c-b1a8b8673bf5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f30889ae-701f-4d63-b08c-b1a8b8673bf5","Electric mobility & the urban environment; the Schiphol case","Silvester, S.; Beella, S.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","The introduction of electric mobility is one of the promising options to create a more sustainable mobility system for the future. Electric vehicles offer the promise of major reductions in local CO2, NOX and particulate emissions. In addition, electric vehicles are silent, easy to service and have high well-to-wheel energy efficiency. However, the introduction of electric vehicles into society also poses several important challenges. Current electric vehicle technologies have limitations with respect to ease of use, driving range, and time-to-charge, and are relatively expensive. Moreover, the use of electric vehicles requires an adequate charging and electric grid infrastructure, as well as dedicated solutions for vehicle charging and storage that are optimally integrated into the built environment. In this paper the results are presented of a design inclusive research project for the introduction of electric vehicles in the urban environment. Researchers & designers from architecture, industrial design, electrical engineering and technology assessment were involved. Amsterdam Airport Schiphol was a taken as a challenging case. The Schiphol Group has the ambition to develop its properties and business park areas in more sustainable a socially responsible way. Electric mobility is therefore one of the options to consider. The results show that it is possible to create a multifunctional, sustainable and comfortable urban area in which the electric mobility is very well integrated. It even can be stated that the sustainable urban development is becoming more feasible by the clever combination of renewable energy, electricity grid design, inductive Park&Charge and customized electric vehicle services.","electric mobility; urban environment","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:88973e8c-46c9-4980-b688-e305fe1e8c47","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:88973e8c-46c9-4980-b688-e305fe1e8c47","Product service systems and sustainable mobility: An electric vehicle introduction case","Beella, S.K.; Silvester, S.; Brezet, J.C.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quist, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","A product service system (PSS) is a function-oriented business model aimed at providing sustainability of both consumption and production. A PSS is defined as a marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling user needs. In theory PSSs are normally shown realized with smart products. The first PSS were largely motivated by the need of traditional firms to cope with changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with products could provide higher profits than products alone. Such need is there in the case of the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs have advantages over present internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in terms of ‘well-to-wheel’ efficiencies, mitigation of local emissions and use of renewable energy sources. But they also have disadvantages in terms of on-board energy carrying capacity and non-existent charging infrastructure. EVs have the potential to be smart products with the help of aspects such as induction charging and vehicle-to-grid function. EVs are introduced at different locations with different business models with less success or less interest from the end user. This article proposes that EVs stand a better chance when marketed for their services and customized to fit user needs than when positioned as a replacement for ICEVs. The research project tries to show that the development of PSSs could be well based on the technology assessment and design-oriented scenarios. A case for developing a methodology for the integration of EVs into the built environment, that of the Schiphol Airport area in the Netherlands, is illustrated in order to explore the possibilities and implications for developing electric vehicle service systems (EVSS).","product service systems; electric vehicle; function-oriented and sustainable mobility","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:9d607386-1b79-451c-b034-486cc48d8f81","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9d607386-1b79-451c-b034-486cc48d8f81","Towards a more resilient built environment","Meijer, S.A.; Crul, M.R.M.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2010","Over time, humankinds lifestyle became increasingly dependent on finite resources. It follows that such a system is unable to sustain itself indefinitely. Several studies show that in the near future the climate may radically change and oil production will peak. Changes in the natural environment will possibly be so overwhelming that man has to radically change its response to environmental changes and thus its lifestyle. To cope with consequences of climate change the current efforts toward sustainability are likely not to suffice. An approach towards resilience is another way to deal with risks associated with climate change. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change, so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks. A resilience approach offers a strategy to reduce dependence on finite sources. Thus, basing society on the resilience principle, by result society adheres to commonly accepted definitions of a sustainable society. The built environment can be regarded as the physical representation of society. Likewise the built environment influences society. Since society is not resilient enough, neither can be the built environment. It follows that when society becomes more resilient, this will affect the built environment in a positive way and vice versa. This paper outlines the theoretical framework for a resilience approach to the built environment, resulting in a more sustainable built environment than at present. This is done by discussing relevant literature and synthesizing concepts from the fields of ecology, sociology, sustainability and urban design.","resilience; built environment; climate change consequences; adaptive capacity","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:0171af65-3bbf-45ba-8b93-a6bc65e2b5ff","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0171af65-3bbf-45ba-8b93-a6bc65e2b5ff","Towards a more resilient built environment","Meijer, S.A.; Crul, M.R.M.; Van Timmeren, A.","","2010","Over time, humankind’s lifestyle became increasingly dependent on finite resources. It follows that such a system is unable to sustain itself indefinitely. Several studies show that in the near future the climate may radically change and oil production will peak. Changes in the natural environment will possibly be so overwhelming that man has to radically change its response to environmental changes and thus its lifestyle. To cope with consequences of climate change the current efforts toward sustainability are likely not to suffice. An approach towards resilience is another way to deal with risks associated with climate change. Resilience is the capacity of a system to absorb disturbance and reorganize while undergoing change, so as to retain essentially the same function, structure, identity and feedbacks. A resilience approach offers a strategy to reduce dependence on finite sources. Thus, basing society on the resilience principle, by result society adheres to commonly accepted definitions of a sustainable society. The built environment can be regarded as the physical representation of society. Likewise the built environment influences society. Since society is not resilient enough, neither can be the built environment. It follows that when society becomes more resilient, this will affect the built environment in a positive way and vice versa. This paper outlines the theoretical framework for a resilience approach to the built environment, resulting in a more sustainable built environment than at present. This is done by discussing relevant literature and synthesizing concepts from the fields of ecology, sociology, sustainability and urban design.","resilience; built environment; climate change consequences; adaptive capacity","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Industrial Design Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:f9ec7514-7afc-4e5b-b2b5-29f42de8894e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f9ec7514-7afc-4e5b-b2b5-29f42de8894e","Product service systems and sustainable mobility: An electric vehicle introduction case","Beella, S.; Silvester, S.; Brezet, H.; Van Timmeren, A.; Bauer, P.; Quis, J.; Van Dijk, S.","","2010","A product service system (PSS) is a function-oriented business model aimed at providing sustainability of both consumption and production. A PSS is defined as a marketable set of products and services capable of jointly fulfilling user needs. In theory PSSs are normally shown realized with smart products. The first PSS were largely motivated by the need of traditional firms to cope with changing market forces and the recognition that services in combination with products could provide higher profits than products alone. Such need is there in the case of the introduction of electric vehicles (EVs). EVs have advantages over present internal combustion engine vehicles (ICEV) in terms of well-to-wheel efficiencies, mitigation of local emissions and use of renewable energy sources. But they also have disadvantages in terms of on-board energy carrying capacity and non-existent charging infrastructure. EVs have the potential to be smart products with the help of aspects such as induction charging and vehicle-to-grid function. EVs are introduced at different locations with different business models with less success or less interest from the end user. This article proposes that EVs stand a better chance when marketed for their services and customized to fit user needs than when positioned as a replacement for ICEVs.The research project tries to show that the development of PSSs could be well based on the technology assessment and design-oriented scenarios. A case for developing a methodology for the integration of EVs into the built environment, that of the Schiphol Airport area in the Netherlands, is illustrated in order to explore the possibilities and implications for developing electric vehicle service systems (EVSS).","product service systems; electric vehicle; function-oriented and sustainable mobility.","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","","","",""
"uuid:ff010022-f6c1-4141-9fd2-dd7a56d723f4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ff010022-f6c1-4141-9fd2-dd7a56d723f4","Autonomie & heteronomie: Integratie en verduurzaming van essentiële stromen in de gebouwde omgeving","Van Timmeren, A.","Röling, L.C. (promotor); Kristinsson, J. (promotor); Duijvestein, C.A.J. (promotor)","2006","De methoden en technieken die worden toegepast bij de huidige essenti infrastructuren voor de energie- en sanitatievoorziening zijn te duiden als traditioneel en centralisatie- paradigma volgend. Er is sprake van schaalvergroting. Door de globalisering in combinatie met de liberalisatie van de energie- en (in mindere mate) vaste afvalmarkt is dit zelfs structureel. Er is toenemende heteronomie van essenti voorzieningen, vooral van energie en sanitatie. Stringente regelgeving maakt dit vaak onontkoombaar. Oplossingen voor nieuwe of bestaande problemen zijn daarbij als padafhankelijk en endogeen te karakteriseren. Er wordt slechts weinig gedaan aan de onderliggende milieuproblemen. Sterker nog, ook deze nieuwe oplossingen hebben vrijwel altijd onverwachte en onbedoelde neveneffecten, en kunnen opnieuw tot problemen leiden. Het besef dat andere, meer duurzame alternatieven gevonden kunnen worden door juist af te stappen van de specifieke kenmerken van de traditionele paradigmas, lijkt bij een grote groep van de relevante actoren nog te ontbreken. Dit onderzoek benadrukt het belang voor volhoudbaarheid van een wederkerige relatie tussen centrale en decentrale systemen, en de integratie (interconnectie) van oplossingen voor de energie, afval en afvalwatervoorziening. Gesteld kan worden dat differentiatie en flexibiliteit op het gebied van ruimtelijke ordening voorwaardelijk zijn om te kunnen inspelen op de onzekerheden op de lange termijn. Voorkomen moet worden dat het proces van verstedelijking en de uitleg van infrastructurele netwerken, gebaseerd op het op afstand transporteren en oplossen van de essenti stromen, zich los van elkaar ontwikkelen. Een nauwkeurige, integrale (Eu)regionale planning gebaseerd op een combinatie van conventionele (centrale) systemen en toegevoegde decentrale systemen vermindert de risicos van mogelijke impasse als gevolg van onvolhoudbaarheid van de bestaande netwerken en systemen, met alle bijkomende gezondheidsrisicos. De cultuurfilosoof Ton Lemaire stelde hieromtrent waar het op aan komt, is de juiste verhouding te vinden tussen het globale en het lokale. Het lokale zou door de globalisering niet teniet moeten worden gedaan maar opnieuw een plaats moeten krijgen. Een uitwerking van volhoudbaarheid, voorzieningszekerheid en onafhankelijkheid lijkt zowel in geval van verdere ontwikkeling op grond van het toekomstpad van schaalvergroting (economies of scale) als van decentralisatie (scale economy) noodzakelijk, zo niet essentieel. Het komt neer op het beter combineren van voordelen van autonomie en heteronomie.","","en","doctoral thesis","Eburon","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""