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Experimental and numerical study of Conoscopic Interferometry sensitivity for optimal acoustic pulse detection in ultrafast acoustics

Robin, M.P. (author), Guis, R.H. (author), Arabul, Mustafa Umit (author), Zhou, Zili (author), Pandey, Nitesh (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Conoscopic interferometry is a promising detection technique for ultrafast acoustics. By focusing a probe beam through a birefringent crystal before passing it through a polarizer, conoscopic interferences sculpt the spatial profile of the beam. The use of these patterns for acoustic wave detection revealed a higher detection sensitivity over...

journal article 2023

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Ultra-sensitive graphene membranes for microphone applications

Baglioni, G. (author), Pezone, R. (author), Vollebregt, S. (author), Cvetanović Zobenica, Katarina (author), Spasenović, Marko (author), Todorović, Dejan (author), Liu, H. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Microphones exploit the motion of suspended membranes to detect sound waves. Since the microphone performance can be improved by reducing the thickness and mass of its sensing membrane, graphene-based microphones are expected to outperform state-of-the-art microelectromechanical (MEMS) microphones and allow further miniaturization of the...

journal article 2023

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Low-cost acoustic force trap in a microfluidic channel

Tsan, Vi hung (author), Fan, D. (author), Caneva, S. (author), Smith, C.S. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

A low-cost glass-based microfluidic flow cell with a piezo actuator is built using off-the-shelf parts (total cost €9 per device) to apply acoustophoretic force on polystyrene micro-beads. The main challenge in the fabrication of these devices was to ensure their leak tightness, which we solved using double-sided tape and nail polish. Beads...

journal article 2023

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Three-dimensional localization microscopy with increased axial precision through TIRF angle modulation

Fan, D. (author), Cnossen, J.P. (author), Hung, S. (author), Kromm, D. (author), Dekker, N.H. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Smith, C.S. (author)

To better understand the interactions between biological molecules, a high optical resolution in all three dimensions is crucial. The intrinsically lower axial resolution of microscopes however, is a limiting factor in fluorescence imaging, correspondingly in fluorescence based single molecule localization microscopy (SMLM). Here, we present...

journal article 2023

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Pressure-induced nonlinear resonance frequency changes for extracting Young’s modulus of nanodrums

Sarafraz, A. (author), Givois, A.P.P. (author), Roslon, I.E. (author), Liu, H. (author), Brahmi, Hatem (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Alijani, F. (author)

The resonance frequency of ultra-thin layered nanomaterials changes nonlinearly with the tension induced by the pressure from the surrounding gas. Although the dynamics of pressurized nanomaterial membranes have been extensively explored, recent experimental observations show significant deviations from analytical predictions. Here, we...

journal article 2023

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Sensors in agriculture: towards an Internet of Plants

Steeneken, P.G. (author), Kaiser, Elias (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), ten Veldhuis, Marie-claire (author)

To ensure a sustainable future and combat food scarcity, we must boost agricultural productivity, improve climate resilience and optimize resource usage. There is untapped potential for dense wireless sensor networks in agriculture that can increase yields and support resilient production when linked to smart decision and control systems.

journal article 2023

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High-Speed Tapping Mode AFM Utilizing Recovery of Tip-Sample Interaction

Noom, J. (author), Smith, C.S. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Katan, A.J. (author), Soloviev, O.A. (author), Verhaegen, M.H.G. (author)

We propose to use the State Estimation by Sum-of-Norms Regularisation (STATESON-)algorithm for recovering the tip-sample interaction in high-speed tapping mode atomic force microscopy (AFM). This approach enables accurate sample height estimation for each independent cantilever oscillation period, provided that the tip-sample interaction...

journal article 2023

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Tuning heat transport in graphene by tension

Liu, H. (author), Lee, M. (author), Siskins, M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Heat transport by acoustic phonons in two-dimensional (2D) materials is fundamentally different from that in 3D crystals because the out-of-plane phonons propagate in a unique way that strongly depends on tension and bending rigidity. Here, using optomechanical techniques, we experimentally demonstrate that the heat transport time in...

journal article 2023

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Ultrasound Pulse Emission Spectroscopy Method to Characterize Xylem Conduits in Plant Stems

Dutta, S. (author), Chen, Zhiyi (author), Kaiser, Elias (author), Malcolm Matamoros, Priscilla (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Although it is well known that plants emit acoustic pulses under drought stress, the exact origin of the waveform of these ultrasound pulses has remained elusive. Here, we present evidence for a correlation between the characteristics of the waveform of these pulses and the dimensions of xylem conduits in plants. Using a model that relates the...

journal article 2022

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Ultrathin Piezoelectric Resonators Based on Graphene and Free-Standing Single-Crystal BaTiO₃

Lee, M. (author), Renshof, Johannes R. (author), van Zeggeren, K.J. (author), Houmes, M.J.A. (author), Lesne, E.L. (author), Siskins, M. (author), van Thiel, T.C. (author), Guis, R.H. (author), van Blankenstein, M.R. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Caviglia, A. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Suspended piezoelectric thin films are key elements enabling high-frequency filtering in telecommunication devices. To meet the requirements of next-generation electronics, it is essential to reduce device thickness for reaching higher resonance frequencies. Here, the high-quality mechanical and electrical properties of graphene electrodes...

journal article 2022

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Fabry-Pérot resonant avalanche-mode silicon LEDs for tunable narrow-band emission

Dutta, S. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

We report on the effect of Fabry-Pérot (FP) resonance on hot-carrier electroluminescence (EL) spectra and the optical power efficiencies of silicon (Si) avalanche-mode (AM) LEDs in the wavelength range from 500 nm to 950 nm. The LEDs, fabricated in a silicon-on-insulator photonics technology, consist of symmetric p-n junctions placed within a 0...

journal article 2022

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Self-Sealing Complex Oxide Resonators

Lee, M. (author), Robin, M.P. (author), Guis, R.H. (author), Filippozzi, U. (author), Shin, D. (author), van Thiel, T.C. (author), Paardekooper, Stijn P. (author), Renshof, Johannes R. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Caviglia, A. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Although 2D materials hold great potential for next-generation pressure sensors, recent studies revealed that gases permeate along the membrane-surface interface, necessitating additional sealing procedures. In this work, we demonstrate the use of free-standing complex oxides as self-sealing membranes that allow the reference cavity beneath...

journal article 2022

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Avalanche-mode Si light-emitting transistor for narrow-band emission near 760 nm

Dutta, S. (author), Hueting, Raymond J.E. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

We report an avalanche-mode light-emitting transistor (AMLET) in silicon (Si), based on a lateral bipolar junction, which emits light near 760 nm optical wavelength with a record low bandwidth of 38 nm. The AMLET, designed in a CMOS-compatible silicon-on-insulator (SOI) photonics platform, is optically confined within a 0.21 ∼\μ m thick SOI...

journal article 2022

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Optical sensing of chlorophyll(in) with dual-spectrum Si LEDs in SOI-CMOS technology

Dutta, S. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Small and low-cost chlorophyll sensors are popular in agricultural sector and food-quality control.Combining such sensors with silicon CMOS electronics is challenged by the absence of silicon-integrated light-sources.We experimentally achieve optical absorption sensing of chlorophyll based pigments with silicon (Si) micro light-emitting...

journal article 2022

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Acoustic subsurface-atomic force microscopy: Three-dimensional imaging at the nanoscale

Sharahi, Hossein J. (author), Janmaleki, Mohsen (author), Tetard, Laurene (author), Kim, Seonghwan (author), Sadeghian, Hamed (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

The development of acoustic subsurface atomic force microscopy, which promises three-dimensional imaging with single-digit nanometer resolution by the introduction of ultrasound actuations to a conventional atomic force microscope, has come a long way since its inception in the early 1990s. Recent advances provide a quantitative understanding...

journal article 2021

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Tunable coupling of two mechanical resonators by a graphene membrane

Verbiest, G.J. (author), Goldsche, M. (author), Sonntag, J. (author), Khodkov, T. (author), von den Driesch, N. (author), Buca, D. (author), Stampfer, C. (author)

Coupled nanomechanical resonators are interesting for both fundamental studies and practical applications as they offer rich and tunable oscillation dynamics. At present, the mechanical coupling in such systems is often mediated by a fixed geometry, such as a joint clamping point of the resonators or a displacement-dependent force. Here we...

journal article 2021

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Phonon scattering at kinks in suspended graphene

Dolleman, R.J. (author), Blanter, Y.M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Recent experiments have shown surprisingly large thermal time constants in suspended graphene ranging from 10 to 100 ns in drums with a diameter ranging from 2 to 7 μm. The large time constants and their scaling with diameter points toward a thermal resistance at the edge of the drum. However, an explanation of the microscopic origin of this...

journal article 2020

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Optical absorption sensing with dual-spectrum silicon LEDs in SOI-CMOS technology

Dutta, S. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author)

Silicon p-n junction diodes emit low-intensity, broad-spectrum light near 1120 nm in forward bias and between 400-900 nm in reverse bias (avalanche). For the first time, we experimentally achieve optical absorption sensing of pigment in solution with silicon micro LEDs designed in a standard silicon-on-insulator CMOS technology. By driving a...

conference paper 2020

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Nonequilibrium thermodynamics of acoustic phonons in suspended graphene

Dolleman, R.J. (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Blanter, Y.M. (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

Recent theory has predicted large temperature differences between the in-plane [longitudinal (LA) and transverse (TA)] and out-of-plane [flexural (ZA)] acoustic phonon baths in locally heated suspended graphene. To verify these predictions, and their implications for understanding the nonequilibrium thermodynamics of two-dimensional (2D)...

journal article 2020

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Nanoelectromechanical sensors based on suspended 2D materials

Lemme, Max C. (author), Wagner, Stefan (author), Lee, Kangho (author), Fan, Xuge (author), Verbiest, G.J. (author), Wittmann, Sebastian (author), Lukas, Sebastian (author), Dolleman, R.J. (author), Niklaus, Frank (author), van der Zant, H.S.J. (author), Duesberg, Georg S. (author), Steeneken, P.G. (author)

The unique properties and atomic thickness of two-dimensional (2D) materials enable smaller and better nanoelectromechanical sensors with novel functionalities. During the last decade, many studies have successfully shown the feasibility of using suspended membranes of 2D materials in pressure sensors, microphones, accelerometers, and mass...

review 2020