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The effect of pH on the corrosion protection of aluminum alloys in lithium-carbonate-containing NaCl solutions

Michailidou, E. (author), Visser, P. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Kosari, A. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Baert, K. (author), Gonzalez Garcia, Y. (author)

The corrosion inhibiting effect of lithium carbonate has been studied over the pH range relevant for atmospheric corrosion conditions at the polymer/metal interface. It is demonstrated that lithium carbonate offers optimum corrosion protection under moderately alkaline conditions attributed to the formation of a protective layer identified as...

journal article 2023

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Creating the Illusion of Sportiness: Evaluating Modified Throttle Mapping and Artificial Engine Sound for Electric Vehicles

Melman, T. (author), Visser, P. (author), Mouton, Xavier (author), de Winter, J.C.F. (author)

Modern computerized vehicles offer the possibility of changing vehicle parameters with the aim of creating a novel driving experience, such as an increased feeling of sportiness. For example, electric vehicles can be designed to provide an artificial sound, and the throttle mapping can be adjusted to give drivers the illusion that they are...

journal article 2021

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Editors' Choice - Dealloying-Driven Cerium Precipitation on Intermetallic Particles in Aerospace Aluminium Alloys

Kosari, A. (author), Ahmadi, M. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Gonzalez Garcia, Y. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Cerium-based compounds have been studied for decades as non-toxic candidates for the protection of aerospace aluminium alloys (AAs) like AA2024-T3. However, the complex heterogeneous microstructure of these alloys has hindered a thorough understanding of the subsequent stages of corrosion protection provided by this class of inhibitors. Thus,...

journal article 2021

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Li leaching from Li carbonate-primer: Transport pathway development from the scribe edge of a primer/topcoat system

Visser, P. (author), Ranade, S. (author), Laird, J. S. (author), Glenn, A. M. (author), Hughes, A. E. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Depletion depths of inorganic components from a scribe edge in a polyurethane primer containing Li₂CO₃, MgO, BaSO₄ and TiO₂ beneath a topcoat, were determined using a range of techniques including SEM/EDS and proton induced X-ray and γ-ray emission spectroscopies. SEM of sections cut using an ion...

journal article 2021

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Nanoscopic and in-situ cross-sectional observations of Li-based conversion coating formation using liquid-phase TEM

Kosari, A. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Taheri, P. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Lithium salts have been proposed as promising environmentally friendly alternatives to carcinogenic hexavalent chromium-based inhibitors for the corrosion protection of aerospace aluminium alloys (AAs). Incorporated into organic coatings, lithium salts are released at damaged locations to establish a conversion layer in which distinct...

journal article 2021

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Laterally-resolved formation mechanism of a lithium-based conversion layer at the matrix and intermetallic particles in aerospace aluminium alloys

Kosari, A. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Lithium leaching coatings have recently been developed as eco-friendly active corrosion protection technology for aerospace aluminium alloys (AAs) by the formation of a conversion layer at coating defects. While general conversion layer formation characteristics were studied and reported before, here we study the local layer formation process...

journal article 2021

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Challenges to electrochemical evaluation of nanometric sandwiched thin specimens using liquid cells designed for application in liquid-phase TEM corrosion studies

Kosari, A. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Liquid-phase transmission electron microscopy (LP-TEM) has provided corrosion scientists with a unique opportunity to directly correlate nanoscopic morphological and compositional evolutions to the corresponding electrochemical response of corroding thin TEM specimens. Electrochemical liquid cell designs are key components of a LP-TEM study...

journal article 2021

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Hybrid sol-gel coatings applied on anodized AA2024-T3 for active corrosion protection

del Olmo, R. (author), Tiringer, U. (author), Milošev, I. (author), Visser, P. (author), Arrabal, R. (author), Matykina, E. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

The effect of the presence of an anodic film and hybrid sol-gel coating loaded with corrosion inhibitors was evaluated as a strategy for enhanced barrier and active corrosion protection of aluminium alloy 2024-T3. In this study, AA2024-T3 specimens were anodized in a modified sulphuric-citric acid bath (SCA) as the first layer of a corrosion...

journal article 2021

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Cross-sectional characterization of the conversion layer formed on AA2024-T3 by a lithium-leaching coating

Kosari, A. (author), Visser, P. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Eswara, S. (author), Audinot, J. N. (author), Wirtz, T. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

This work focuses on the cross-sectional characterization of the protective conversion layer formed on AA2024-T3 by lithium-leaching from a polyurethane coating in a corrosive environment. The layer shows a multi-layered arrangement comprising nanoscopic local phases. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and complementary high-resolution...

journal article 2020

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Application of in-situ liquid cell transmission electron microscopy in corrosion studies: a critical review of challenges and achievements

Kosari, A. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Identifying corrosion initiation events in metals and alloys demands techniques that can provide temporal and spatial resolution simultaneously. Transmission electron microscopy (TEM) enables one to obtain microstructural and chemical descriptors of materials at atomic/nanoscopic level and has been used in corrosion studies of many metal...

review 2020

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In-situ nanoscopic observations of dealloying-driven local corrosion from surface initiation to in-depth propagation

Kosari, A. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Taheri, P. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Dealloying is involved in materials science responsible for fabrication of nanoscale structures beneficially but for corrosion degradations detrimentally. Detailed understanding related to the latter is critical for designing corrosion-resistance alloys and dedicated inhibition systems. Thus, direct nanoscopic observations of nano-structural...

journal article 2020

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Dealloying-driven local corrosion by intermetallic constituent particles and dispersoids in aerospace aluminium alloys

Kosari, A. (author), Tichelaar, F.D. (author), Visser, P. (author), Zandbergen, H.W. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Nanoscopic characterization of heterogeneous intermetallic particles (IMPs) which microstructurally and compositionally evolve during local corrosion is crucial in unravelling the mechanisms and sequence of initial and local corrosion events. Herein, we study site-specific initiation events focused on microscopic constituent intermetallic...

journal article 2020

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Horizontal and vertical thermospheric cross-wind from GOCE linear and angular accelerations

Visser, T. (author), March, G. (author), Doornbos, E.N. (author), de Visser, C.C. (author), Visser, P (author)

Thermospheric wind measurements obtained from linear non-gravitational accelerations of the Gravity field and steady-state Ocean Circulation Explorer (GOCE) satellite show discrepancies when compared to ground-based measurements. In this paper the cross-wind is derived from both the linear and the angular accelerations using a newly developed...

journal article 2019

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Active corrosion protection of aerospace aluminium alloys by lithium-leaching coatings

Visser, P. (author)

For decades, scientists and engineers are searching for a safe and environmentally friendly alternative for the toxic chromate corrosion inhibitors in active protective coatings for the protection of aerospace aluminium alloys. In this search many different compounds have been investigated as leachable corrosion inhibitor, but no alternative...

doctoral thesis 2019

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The chemical throwing power of lithium-based inhibitors from organic coatings on AA2024-T3

Visser, P. (author), Marcoen, K. (author), Trindade, G. F. (author), Abel, M. L. (author), Watts, J. F. (author), Hauffman, T. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author)

Chemical throwing power, being the distance over which an inhibitor is able to protect a defect effectively, is an important parameter for active protective coatings. This study investigates the chemical throwing power of lithium-based leachable corrosion inhibitors exhibiting different leaching kinetics, from coatings at different inhibitor...

journal article 2019

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Active corrosion protection of various aluminium alloys by lithium-leaching coatings

Visser, P. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

This study presents the active protective properties of lithium-leaching coatings for a range of aluminium alloys. Coatings with and without lithium carbonate as leachable inhibitor were applied on the aluminium alloys, artificially damaged and exposed to the neutral salt spray. A combined approach of scanning electron microscopy and...

journal article 2019

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Li leaching from lithium carbonate-primer: An emerging perspective of transport pathway development

Laird, J. S. (author), Visser, P. (author), Ranade, S. (author), Hughes, A.E. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Studies of Li depletion in sections of a Li ₂ CO ₃ -primer comprising a polyurethane binder, MgO, TiO ₂ , BaSO ₄ in addition to Li ₂ CO _3, were performed using a combination of particle induced γ-ray and X-ray emission spectroscopies along with SEM/EDS analysis. A mixture of...

journal article 2019

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On the importance of irreversibility of corrosion inhibitors for active coating protection of AA2024-T3

Visser, P. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

Inhibitor leaching, fast, effective and irreversible passivation are essential for active protective coatings to protect aluminium alloys. This study presents the comparison of the active protective properties of lithium carbonate and two organic corrosion inhibitors, benzotriazole and 2-mercaptobenzothiazole, on aluminium alloy 2024-T3 with...

journal article 2018

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Compositional study of a corrosion protective layer formed by leachable lithium salts in a coating defect on AA2024-T3 aluminium alloys

Marcoen, Kristof (author), Visser, P (author), Trindade, G. F. (author), Abel, M. L. (author), Watts, J. F. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Hauffman, T. (author)

Organic primer coatings loaded with environmentally harmful Cr(VI) corrosion inhibitive pigments still play an important role in corrosion protection of aluminium alloys for the aerospace industry. A potential “green” alternative coating system has recently been developed, loaded with lithium salt corrosion inhibitors. Under exposure to...

journal article 2018

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The use of odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy to study lithium-based corrosion inhibition by active protective coatings

Meeusen, M. (author), Visser, P. (author), Fernández Macía, L. (author), Hubin, A. (author), Terryn, H.A. (author), Mol, J.M.C. (author)

In this work, the study of the time-dependent behaviour of lithium carbonate based inhibitor technology for the active corrosion protection of aluminium alloy 2024-T3 is presented. Odd random phase electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (ORP-EIS) is selected as the electrochemical tool to study the corrosion protective properties of a model...

journal article 2018