A graph-based model framework for steady-state load flow problems of general multi-carrier energy systems

Coupling single-carrier networks into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Conventional load flow models for the separate single-carrier networks are not able to capture the full extend of the coupling. Recently, different models for multi-carrier energy networks have been proposed, either using the energy...

Convergence of Newton’s Method for Steady-State Load Flow Problems in Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

Coupling single-carrier networks into multi-carrier energy systems (MESs) has recently become more important. Various formulations of the single-carrier load flow problem (LFP) are used. Moreover, different coupling models lead to different integrated systems of equations for the LFP of MESs. Both could affect the convergence of the Newton...

On the Solvability of Steady-State Load Flow Problems for Multi-Carrier Energy Systems

The coupling of single-carrier network into multicarrier energy systems (MES) has recently become more important. Conventional single-carrier steady-state load flow models are not able to capture the full extent of the coupling. Different models for multi-carrier networks have been proposed, either based on the energy hub concept or using a...