A reliability assessment of grandstand elements: How can the structural reliability of a concrete grandstand element subjected to dynamical crowd loads be determined?

On the 17th of October 2021, a concrete grandstand element collapsed at the Goffert stadium in the Netherlands after a crowd jumped on it for 8 seconds. An investigation by an engineering consultancy firm concluded that the design loads in the building code are too low, raising questions about the safety of grandstand elements. Currently, no...