Scouring patterns in front of vertical breakwaters and their influences on the stability of the foundation of the breakwaters

Intending to determine the shapes and sizes of the scouring profiles in front of vertical breakwaters, model tests have been conducted in two flumes with four different grain sizes in the Laboratory of Fluid Mechanics, Faculty of Civil Engineering, Delft University of Technology. Most of the test runs were done with regular waves, and a few with...