When terminology hinders research: the colloquialisms of transitions of control in automated driving

During the last 20 years, technological advancement and economic interests have motivated research on automated driving and its impact on drivers’ behaviour, especially after transitions of control. Indeed, once the Automated Driving System (ADS) reaches its operational limits, it is forced to request human intervention. However, the fast...

Continuous auditory feedback on the status of adaptive cruise control, lane deviation, and time headway: An acceptable support for truck drivers?

The number of trucks that are equipped with driver assistance systems is increasing. These driver assistance systems typically offer binary auditory warnings or notifications upon lane departure, close headway, or automation (de)activation. Such binary sounds may annoy the driver if presented frequently. Truck drivers are well accustomed to the...

A toolbox for automated driving on the STISIM driving simulator

Driving simulators have been used since the beginning of the 1930s to assist researchers in assessing driver behaviour without putting the driver in harm’s way. The current manuscript describes the implementation of a toolbox for automated driving research on the widely used STISIM platform. The toolbox presented in this manuscript allows...

Visual sampling processes revisited: replicating and extending senders (1983) using modern eye-tracking equipment

In pioneering work, Senders (1983) tasked five participants to watch a bank of six dials, and found that glance rates and times glanced at dials increase linearly as a function of the frequency bandwidth of the dial's pointer. Senders did not record the angle of the pointers synchronously with eye movements, and so could not assess...

Relationships between years of licensure and driving style measured with a short simulator-based test (N = 650)

Young and inexperienced drivers are over-involved in traffic violations and car crashes. There is a paucity of research on the use of driving simulators for assessing driving style. This study investigated the relationships between years of licensure and driving style measured with a short simulator-based test. At a motor show, 650 licensed...

The design of a vibrotactile seat for conveying take-over requests in automated driving

The driver of a conditionally automated car is not required to permanently monitor the outside environment, but needs to take over control whenever the automation issues a “request to intervene” (i.e., take-over request). If the driver misses the take-over request or does not respond in a timely and correct manner, a take-over could result in...

Human factors of transitions in automated driving: A general framework and literature survey

The topic of transitions in automated driving is becoming important now that cars are automated to ever greater extents. This paper proposes a theoretical framework to support and align human factors research on transitions in automated driving. Driving states are defined based on the allocation of primary driving tasks (i.e., lateral control,...

Object-alignment performance in a head-mounted display versus a monitor

Workload assessment for mental arithmetic tasks using the task-evoked pupillary response

Pupillometry is a promising method for assessing mental workload and could<br/>be helpful in the optimization of systems that involve human–computer<br/>interaction. The present study focuses on replicating the studies by Ahern<br/>(1978) and Klingner (2010), which found that for three levels of difficulty<br/>of mental multiplications, the more...