Engineering heterologous molybdenum-cofactor-biosynthesis and nitrate-assimilation pathways enables nitrate utilization by Saccharomyces cerevisiae

Metabolic capabilities of cells are not only defined by their repertoire of enzymes and metabolites, but also by availability of enzyme cofactors. The molybdenum cofactor (Moco) is widespread among eukaryotes but absent from the industrial yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. No less than 50 Moco-dependent enzymes covering over 30 catalytic...

Reactor characterization and the application of biological selective pressure for granulation in a CAGS pilot

Treatment of wastewater with aerobic granular sludge (AGS) has major advantages compared to activated sludge. The only commercial system that uses AGS is the Nereda® batch process. The disadvantage of this system is the lack of existing infrastructure. AGS in continuous systems could be a solution to this disadvantage. That’s why the HARKOS...