"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:a1941ca3-b824-40e3-904c-3d80bce999a1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a1941ca3-b824-40e3-904c-3d80bce999a1","Techno-Economic Comparison of Electricity Storage Options in a Fully Renewable Energy System","Mulder, Sebastiaan (Student TU Delft); Klein, S.A. (TU Delft Energy Technology)","","2024","To support increasing renewable capacity for a net-zero future, energy storage will play a key role in maintaining grid stability. In this paper, all current and near-future energy storage technologies are compared for three different scenarios: (1) fixed electricity buy-in price, (2) market-based electricity buy-in price, and (3) energy storage integrated into a fully renewable electricity system. In the first part of this study, an algorithm is devised to simulate strategic buy-in of electricity for energy storage. This analysis yields a qualitative decision-making tool for a given energy storage duration and size. Building upon the first part’s findings, an integration study gives insight into expected power prices and expected storage size in a typical northwestern European fully renewable energy system. The integration study shows significant need for electricity storage with durations spanning from one to several days, typically around 40 h. Pumped Hydro Storage and Pumped Thermal storage surface as the best options. The overall levelized costs of storage are expected to be in the USD 200–500/MWh range. Integration of storage with renewables can yield a system-levelized cost of electricity of about USD 150/MWh. Allowing flexibility in demand may lower the overall system-levelized cost of electricity to USD 100/MWh.","batteries; energy storage; grid stability; LCOE; markets; modelling; net-zero","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Energy Technology","","",""
"uuid:9ad4f1f3-97df-4c57-a3ce-5a2baa9fff40","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9ad4f1f3-97df-4c57-a3ce-5a2baa9fff40","Local Reaction Environment Deviations within Gas Diffusion Electrode Pores for CO2 Electrolysis","Butt, E.N. (TU Delft Complex Fluid Processing); Padding, J.T. (TU Delft Complex Fluid Processing); Hartkamp, Remco (TU Delft Complex Fluid Processing)","","2024","The local conditions inside a gas diffusion electrode (GDE) pore, especially in the electrical double layer (EDL) region, influence the charge transfer reactions and the selectivity of desired CO2ER products. Most GDE computational models ignore the EDL or are limited in their applicability at high potentials. In this work, we present a continuum model to describe the local environment inside a catalytic pore at varying potentials, electrolyte concentrations and pore diameters. The systems studied in this work are based on an Ag catalyst in contact with KHCO3 solution. Our study shows that steric effects dominate the local environment at high cathodic potentials (≪−25 mV vs pzc at the OHP), leading to a radial drop of CO2 concentration. We also observe a drop in pH value within 1 nm of the reaction plane due to electrostatic repulsion and attraction of OH− and H+ ions, respectively. We studied the influence of pore radii (1-10 nm) on electric field and concentrations. Pores with a radius smaller than 5 nm show a higher mean potential, which lowers the mean CO2 concentration. Pores with a favourable local environment can be designed by regulating the ratio between the pore radius and Debye length.","CO electrochemical reduction; gas diffusion electrode; lectric double layer; modelling; steric effects","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Complex Fluid Processing","","",""
"uuid:a370be10-b49d-4f4d-a074-39f464c3d8f9","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a370be10-b49d-4f4d-a074-39f464c3d8f9","Optimizing the configuration of tidal turbines in storm surge barriers","Verbeek, Merel C. (TU Delft Environmental Fluid Mechanics)","Uijttewaal, W.S.J. (promotor); Labeur, R.J. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2023","The flow between bridge piers and through storm surge barriers and barrages is an untapped and promising source of water energy. This energy can be harvested with tidal or hydro turbines. In 2015, five turbines with a total capacity of 1.2 MW were retrofit in a flow opening of the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier (the Netherlands). These turbines form world's first commercial-scale tidal fence. However, there is still a major challenge to optimize the configuration of these turbines based on their energy yield and their possible environmental effects to the hinter-lying estuary.
This thesis presents a model tool to optimize the energy yield and impact on the environment of installing turbines in flood defences by altering the turbine placing. Mapping out the effects of turbines on the flow is the central question. To answer this question, this research consists of three parts: (1) measuring the field situation, (2) testing a turbine in the laboratory and (3) setting up an analytical model that is coupled to a regional flow model.
In the first part of this study (1), unique, high-resolution data of the flow through the Eastern Scheldt storm surge barrier and around the turbines were investigated. In particular, for the first time in the literature, commercial-scale turbines are used to determine the effect of tidal turbines on the water flow. The power output of the turbines is also quantified. The data is used to derive an analytical model of the flow around a turbine in a barrier. This model can calculate the power of tidal turbines and the resistance of the barrier and turbine for different forms of the installation and variable strength of the external flow.
In the second part of this study (2), these insights were refined in laboratory tests, in which the configuration of the turbine and barrier was varied. This method is more representative of real turbines because it has a larger scale factor (1:9) than is usual in the literature. The tests show that the generated power strongly depends on the position of the turbine relative to the barrier. The data also show that the combined resistance of a barrier and turbine is lower than the sum of the individual resistances. These outcomes are used to successfully validate the previously developed analytical model.
In the last part of this study (3), the developed analytical model was implemented in a larger-scale numerical flow model. In this larger-scale model, the small-scale flow around a barrier with turbines is linked in an efficient way to the large-scale water movement in a tidal basin. This makes it possible to optimize existing or new tidal power stations, both at the level of the entire barrier and at that of a single flow opening. The impact on the environment can therefore be determined with the model, even more accurately than was previously possible.
The research in this thesis shows that the effect of the turbines on the flow at a larger distance is smaller than previously thought. This offers the possibility, for example, to install more turbines and harvest more energy without exceeding the acceptable environmental impact (e.g. ecological effects). This study has contributed to confidence in the technical and economic feasibility of turbine installations that can be built in hydraulic engineering works in the Dutch Delta. The developed calculation tool is freely available to investigate energy yield and environmental effects of tidal energy projects worldwide.","tidal energy; hydrodynamics; modelling","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6483-182-5","","","","","","","","","Environmental Fluid Mechanics","","",""
"uuid:c2448a0b-35f0-4f0b-8677-6c7f78867cd7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c2448a0b-35f0-4f0b-8677-6c7f78867cd7","Integrated Fault Detection, Classification and Section Identification (I-FDCSI) Method for Real Distribution Networks Using μPMUs","Haleem Medattil Ibrahim, M.I. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids; University of Petroleum and Energy Studies); Sharma, Madhu (University of Petroleum and Energy Studies); Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids)","","2023","This paper presents a rules-based integrated fault detection, classification and section identification (I-FDCSI) method for real distribution networks (DN) using micro-phasor measurement units ((Formula presented.) PMUs). The proposed method utilizes the high-resolution synchronized realistic measurements from the strategically installed (Formula presented.) PMUs to detect and classify different types of faults and identify the faulty section of the distribution network. The I-FDCSI method is based on a set of rules developed using expert knowledge and statistical analysis of the generated realistic measurements. The algorithms mainly use line currents per phase reported by the different (Formula presented.) PMUs to calculate the minimum and maximum short circuit current ratios. The algorithms were then fine-tuned with all the possible types and classes of fault simulations at all possible sections of the network with different fault parameter values. The proposed I-FDCSI method addresses the inherent challenges of DN by leveraging the high-precision measurements provided by (Formula presented.) PMUs to accurately detect, classify, and sectionalise faults. To ensure the applicability of the developed IFDCSI method, it is further tested and validated with all the possible real-time events on a real distribution network and its performance has been compared with the conventional fault detection, classification and section identification methods. The results demonstrate that the I-FDCSI method has a higher accuracy and faster response time compared to the conventional methods and facilitates faster service restoration, thus improving the reliability and resiliency indices of DN.","μPMUs; fault detection; fault management; fault classification; section identification; distribution network; fault indicators; modelling; simulation; reliability indices","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Electrical Power Grids","","",""
"uuid:09ee05b9-4e42-4d8f-8d44-c4b3d925ef09","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:09ee05b9-4e42-4d8f-8d44-c4b3d925ef09","Spider dynamics under vertical vibration and its implications for biological vibration sensing","Wu, Jun (University of Oxford); Miller, Thomas E. (University of Oxford); Cicirello, A. (TU Delft Mechanics and Physics of Structures; University of Oxford); Mortimer, Beth (University of Oxford)","","2023","Often overlooked, vibration transmission through the entire body of an animal is an important factor in understanding vibration sensing in animals. To investigate the role of dynamic properties and vibration transmission through the body, we used a modal test and lumped parameter modelling for a spider. The modal test used laser vibrometry data on a tarantula, and revealed five modes of the spider in the frequency range of 20-200 Hz. Our developed and calibrated model took into account the bounce, pitch and roll of the spider body and bounce of all the eight legs. We then performed a parametric study using this calibrated model, varying factors such as mass, inertia, leg stiffness, damping, angle and span to study what effect they had on vibration transmission. The results support that some biomechanical parameters can act as physical constraints on vibration sensing. But also, that the spider may actively control some biomechanical parameters to change the signal intensity it can sense. Furthermore, our analysis shows that the parameter changes in front and back legs have a greater influence on whole system dynamics, so may be of particular importance for active control mechanisms to facilitate biological sensing functions.","dynamics; modal test; modelling; spiders; vibration sensing","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Mechanics and Physics of Structures","","",""
"uuid:8b8175c9-10a4-4762-90e6-d437f2ff3632","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8b8175c9-10a4-4762-90e6-d437f2ff3632","Performance of old and new mass-lumped triangular finite elements for wavefield modelling","Mulder, W.A. (TU Delft Applied Geophysics and Petrophysics; Shell Global Solutions International B.V.)","","2023","Finite elements with mass lumping allow for explicit time stepping when modelling wave propagation and can be more efficient than finite differences in complex geological settings. In two dimensions on quadrilaterals, spectral elements are the obvious choice. Triangles offer more flexibility for meshing, but the construction of polynomial elements is less straightforward. The elements have to be augmented with higher-degree polynomials in the interior to preserve accuracy after lumping of the mass matrix. With the classic accuracy criterion, triangular elements suitable for mass lumping up to a polynomial degree 9 were found. With a newer, less restrictive criterion, new elements were constructed of degree 5–7. Some of these are more efficient than the older ones. To assess which of all these elements performs best, the acoustic wave equation is solved for a homogeneous model on a square and on a domain with corners, as well as on a heterogeneous example with topography. The accuracy and runtimes are measured using either higher-order time stepping or second-order time stepping with dispersion correction. For elements of polynomial degree 2 and higher, the latter is more efficient. Among the various finite elements, the degree-4 element appears to be a good choice.","acoustics; computing aspects; modelling; numerical study; seismics; wave","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Applied Geophysics and Petrophysics","","",""
"uuid:66212c82-21a5-4da3-aea1-c8fc9051dcd6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:66212c82-21a5-4da3-aea1-c8fc9051dcd6","Validation of a novel bicycle simulator with realistic lateral and roll motion","Haasnoot, Jelle (Student TU Delft; Tacx by Garmin); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); van der Wijk, V. (TU Delft Mechatronic Systems Design); Schwab, A.L. (TU Delft Biomechatronics & Human-Machine Control)","","2023","Bicycle simulators have been the subject of considerable research, however, few of these attempts have integrated direct balance control and realistic freedom of motion to deliver a real-world dynamic cycling experience. This study presents the BIKE (Bicycle Intrinsic Kinematics Emulator) system, a kinematic bicycle simulator, developed with the purpose of letting its users experience realistic steer, roll, yaw and sway motions. Motion is provided with Carvallo–Whipple bicycle model-based control of sway and yaw combined with passive steer and roll. This study validates the BIKE simulator by comparing cycling behaviour and subjective evaluation for the simulator with and without motion to outdoor tests with an instrumented bicycle. 15 participants of varying age and mass, performed straight-line cycling, at low ((Formula presented.)) to high ((Formula presented.)) velocities and zig-zag manoeuvres. Results show that users can successfully rely on existing cycling skills to use the simulator with motion. Objectively, in the kinematic sense, the simulator with motion performs similarly to an outdoor bicycle. Subjectively, the simulator performs better with motion and is experienced by riders as close to real outdoor cycling.","Bicycle; dynamics; kinematics; modelling; simulation","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:6554f955-2b49-445f-97fe-5cc5c77646fe","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6554f955-2b49-445f-97fe-5cc5c77646fe","Temporal dispersion correction for wave-propagation modelling with a series approach","Mulder, W.A. (TU Delft Applied Geophysics and Petrophysics; Shell Global Solutions International B.V.)","","2023","Temporal dispersion correction of second-order finite-difference time stepping for numerical wave propagation modelling exploits the fact that the discrete operator is exact but for the wrong frequencies. Mapping recorded traces to the correct frequencies removes the numerical error. Most of the implementations employ forward and inverse Fourier transforms. Here, it is noted that these can be replaced by a series expansion involving higher time derivatives of the data. Its implementation by higher-order finite differencing can be sensitive to numerical noise, but this can be suppressed by enlarging the stencil. Tests with the finite-element method on a homogeneous acoustic problem with an exact solution show that the method can achieve the same accuracy as higher-order time stepping, similar to that obtained with Fourier transforms. The same holds for an inhomogeneous problem with topography where the solution on a very fine mesh is used as reference. The series approach costs less than dispersion correction with the Fourier method and can be used on the fly during the time stepping. It does, however, require a wavelet that is sufficiently many times differentiable in time.","computing aspects; modelling; seismics; wave","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Applied Geophysics and Petrophysics","","",""
"uuid:8e41d6c1-d9d4-414d-9f2b-228f9070f401","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8e41d6c1-d9d4-414d-9f2b-228f9070f401","Determining causes of variance in ground-level aircraft noise: Combining in-situ noise and weather measurements with spatial aircraft data","Wuite, F.G.E. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS)); Tenpierik, M.J. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design); Lugten, M.C. (TU Delft Environmental & Climate Design; Amsterdam Institute for Advanced Metropolitan Solutions (AMS))","Astolfi, Arianna (editor); Asdrubali, Francesco (editor); Shtrepi, Louena (editor)","2023","Aircraft are a source of noise pollution in areas surrounding airports. Buildings shield or amplify local sound levels, albeit that the level of shielding varies considerably. The sound pressure levels reaching ground receivers in the built environment depend on flight position relative to the receiver, atmospheric and weather effects, and the composition of the surrounding buildings. Their combined effect on local ground sound levels and noise shielding remains unclear however.
The impact of urban and architectural design on the local attenuation of aircraft noise is studied in a full-scale field lab near Amsterdam Schiphol airport. In the experiment, two microphones and a weather station collected sound and meteorological data. The measurements are combined with spatial aircraft radar data for a period of one month. Statistical analyses are conducted to gain insights into the causes of variance in shielding effects.
This paper presents a method to combine and analyse sound, flight and meteorological data, for one-second time intervals. Aircraft orientation, obstruction from buildings between source and receiver, operation type and propulsion type influence the building shielding for this case study. The orientation of airplanes relative to the field lab records the highest effect on the shielding of the analysed variables (R^2=0.58).","aircraft noise; urban design; meteo effects; modelling","en","conference paper","Politecnico di Torino","","","","","The research is funded by the municipality of Haarlemmermeer, the Dutch ministry for Infrastructure and Water Management, the Dutch ministry for housing and domestic affairs, and the Stichting Leefomgeving Schiphol.","","","","","Environmental & Climate Design","","",""
"uuid:0846ce60-5d59-4cce-ae88-56f797352e38","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0846ce60-5d59-4cce-ae88-56f797352e38","Towards Climate Resilient Freight Transport in Europe","Bal, Frans (Utrecht University of Applied Sciences); Vleugel, J (TU Delft Transport and Planning)","","2023","Climate change is related with weather extremes, which may cause damages to infrastructure used by freight transport services. Heavy rainfall may lead to flooding and damage to railway lines, roads and inland waterways. Extreme drought may lead to extremely low water levels, which prevent safe navigation by inland barges. Wet and dry periods may alternate, leaving little time to repair damages. In some Western and Middle-European countries, barges have a large share in freight transport. If a main waterway is out of service, then alternatives are called for. Volume- and price-wise, trucking is not a viable alternative. Could railways be that alternative? The paper was written after the unusually long dry summer period in Europe in 2022. It deals with the question: If the Rhine, a major European waterway becomes locally inaccessible, could railways (temporarily) play a larger role in freight transport? It is a continuation of our earlier research. It contains a case study, the data of which was fed into a simulation model. The model deals with technical details like service specification route length, energy consumption and emissions. The study points to interesting rail services to keep Europe’s freight on the move. Their realization may be complex especially in terms of logistics and infrastructure, but is there an alternative?","climate change; resilience; rail freight; barges; international; modelling; OA-Fund TU Delft","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:d4c0062c-9191-40e4-805a-72fe7afde7bd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d4c0062c-9191-40e4-805a-72fe7afde7bd","Chenier Dynamics","Tas, S.A.J. (TU Delft Environmental Fluid Mechanics)","Reniers, A.J.H.M. (promotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2022","Over the last decades, mangrove forests have suffered immense and rapid losses worldwide. In recognition of their important socio-economic and environmental functions, many attempts have been made to both protect the remaining mangrove coastlines and restore eroding sites. Unfortunately, many rehabilitation attempts have failed, lacking a thorough system understanding of mangrove-mud coasts.
Some mangrove-mud coasts are protected on their seaward side by sandy ridges (called `cheniers'). They protect against wave attack and can help to protect vulnerable mangrove-mud coastlines. In order to sustainably restore mangrove coasts, chenier dynamics need to be understood at the temporal and spatial scales relevant for mangrove establishment (daily to yearly variability driven by waves and tides). This dissertation aims to advance our understanding of chenier dynamics within the context of an eroding mangrove-mud coast. The severely eroded coastline of Demak, Indonesia, is used as a case study.
We started with a field campaign in Demak, observing the cross-shore dynamics of a single chenier. The observations revealed that cheniers can be very dynamic in relatively calm conditions. Using velocity moments as a proxy for the sediment transport, we have explored the role of tides and waves in the observed chenier dynamics. Tides drive the chenier landward, especially when the water depth over the chenier crest is low (high crest level relative to mean sea level). Waves only generate substantial sediment transport when the chenier is submerged. Overall, the cross-shore chenier dynamics are very sensitive to the timing of tides and waves: most transport takes place when high water levels coincide with (relatively) high waves.
While our observations showed the chenier to be highly dynamic in the short term, satellite images reveal that over longer timescales the position of the chenier remains more or less stable within the intertidal zone. This is in contrast to cheniers described in literature, which only migrate landward until they reach a stable position above tidal influences. We have developed an idealised chenier model to explore this dynamically stable position. The model simulates cross-shore chenier dynamics under daily wave and tidal influences and is able to predict both onshore and offshore migration. Onshore migration is mainly driven by wave action, while offshore migration is induced by a tidal phase lag or storms. This phase lag is caused by drowning of the coastal plain due to subsidence. For certain combinations of waves and tides, the model predicts a dynamically stable chenier. In the absence of a phase lag and storm season effect, the model yields a `classic' stable chenier that welds onto the shoreline by onshore migration.
We used Delft3D to explore the formation of cheniers through wave winnowing (the sorting of sand and mud by waves). We have identified three phases of chenier development: (1) a winnowing phase, during which mud is washed out of the seabed initially consisting of a mixture of sand and mud, (2) a sand transport phase, when the sand in the upper layer is transported onshore, and (3) a crest formation phase, during which a chenier crest rapidly develops at the landward limit of onshore sediment transport. The main mechanism driving onshore sand transport is wave asymmetry. During calm conditions, sand transport takes place within a narrow band limiting the volume of sand delivered nearshore, and therefore no chenier develops. In contrast, average storm conditions mobilise sufficient sand for a crest to develop. Our results thus reveal that chenier formation through wave winnowing does not require extreme storm conditions. Our study also shows that chenier formation through wave winnowing is a relatively slow process, with the largest time scales associated with the the first two phases of chenier development: winnowing and sand transport.
Overall, this dissertation contributes to our understanding of cross-shore chenier dynamics. While very dynamic in the short term, cheniers can maintain a stable position in the intertidal zone for certain combinations of waves and tides. As such, they can contribute to mangrove rehabilitation by creating windows of opportunity for mangrove establishment. Due to its rapid subsidence rates, the coast of Demak provides an analogue for a global drowning of coastlines under anticipated accelerated sea level rise. In fact, cheniers may form a natural defense mechanism of drowning coastal plains. As a result, small changes to the coastal plain (e.g. constructing a dike) could have a significant impact, disturbing the chenier dynamics and interrupting their negative feedback on coastal erosion. This work has illustrated the complexity and interconnectedness of coastal systems, a crucial notion in designing successful protection strategies for mangrove-mud coasts.","chenier; morphodynamics; modelling; sediment transport; mangroves","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6366-576-6","","","","","","","","","Environmental Fluid Mechanics","","",""
"uuid:f71a50c4-661d-427c-aef3-81d51a50d2ec","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f71a50c4-661d-427c-aef3-81d51a50d2ec","A Comprehensive Review on the Characteristics and Modeling of Lithium-Ion Battery Aging","Vermeer, W.W.M. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Chandra Mouli, G.R. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Battery aging is one of the critical problems to be tackled in battery research, as it limits the power and energy capacity during the battery's life. Therefore, optimizing the design of battery systems requires a good understanding of aging behavior. Due to their simplicity, empirical and semiempirical models (EMs) are frequently used in smart charging studies, feasibility studies, and cost analyses studies, among other uses. Unfortunately, these models are prone to significant estimation errors without appropriate knowledge of their inherent limitations and the interdependence between stress factors. This article presents a review of empirical and semiempirical modeling techniques and aging studies, focusing on the trends observed between different studies and highlighting the limitations and challenges of the various models. First, we summarize the main aging mechanisms in lithium-ion batteries. Next, empirical modeling techniques are reviewed, followed by the current challenges and future trends, and a conclusion. Our results indicate that the effect of stress factors is easily oversimplified, and their correlations are often not taken into account. The provided knowledge in this article can be used to evaluate the limitations of aging models and improve their accuracy for various applications.","Lithium; battery; degradation; ageing; modelling","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:90615851-cb05-498d-9e61-2cf1d62369eb","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:90615851-cb05-498d-9e61-2cf1d62369eb","Mass Transport Limitations in Electrochemical Conversion of CO2 to Formic Acid at High Pressure","Ramdin, M. (TU Delft Engineering Thermodynamics); Vlugt, T.J.H. (TU Delft Engineering Thermodynamics); Selvaraj, S. (TU Delft Engineering Thermodynamics)","","2022","Mass transport of different species plays a crucial role in electrochemical conversion of CO (Formula presented.) due to the solubility limit of CO (Formula presented.) in aqueous electrolytes. In this study, we investigate the transport of CO (Formula presented.) and other ionic species through the electrolyte and the membrane, and its impact on the scale-up process of HCOO (Formula presented.) /HCOOH formation. The mass transport of ions to the electrode and the membrane is modelled at constant current density. The mass transport limitations of CO (Formula presented.) on the formation of HCOO (Formula presented.) /HCOOH is investigated at different pressures ranges from 5–40 bar. The maximum achievable partial current density of formate/formic acid is increased with increasing CO (Formula presented.) pressure. We use an ion exchange membrane model to understand the ion transport behaviour for both the monopolar and bipolar membranes. The cation exchange (CEM) and anion exchange membrane (AEM) model show that ion transport is limited by the electrolyte salt concentrations. For 0.1 M KHCO (Formula presented.), the AEM reaches the limiting current density more quickly than the CEM. For the BPM model, ion transport across the diffusion layer on either side of the BPM is also included to understand the concentration polarization across the BPM. The model revealed that the polarization losses across the bipolar membrane depend on the pH of the electrolyte used for the CO (Formula presented.) reduction reaction (CO 2RR). The polarization loss on the anolyte side decreases with an increasing pH, while, on the cathode side, it increases with increasing catholyte pH. With this combined model for the electrode reactions and the membrane transport, we are able to account for the various factors influencing the polarization losses in the CO (Formula presented.) electrolyzer. To complete the analysis, we simulated the full cell polarization curve and fitted with the experimental data.","CO2 electrolyzer; mass transport; modelling","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Engineering Thermodynamics","","",""
"uuid:82741bc2-563a-426d-a43f-9e802ace3781","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:82741bc2-563a-426d-a43f-9e802ace3781","Delaunay Painting: Perceptual Image Colouring from Raster Contours with Gaps","Parakkat, A.D. (TU Delft Computer Graphics and Visualisation; Telecom Paris Tech); Memari, Pooran (Institut Polytechnique de Paris); Cani, Marie Paule (Institut Polytechnique de Paris)","","2022","We introduce Delaunay Painting, a novel and easy-to-use method to flat-colour contour-sketches with gaps. Starting from a Delaunay triangulation of the input contours, triangles are iteratively filled with the appropriate colours, thanks to the dynamic update of flow values calculated from colour hints. Aesthetic finish is then achieved, through energy minimisation of contour-curves and further heuristics enforcing the appropriate sharp corners. To be more efficient, the user can also make use of our colour diffusion framework, which automatically extends colouring to small, internal regions such as those delimited by hatches. The resulting method robustly handles input contours with strong gaps. As an interactive tool, it minimizes user's efforts and enables any colouring strategy, as the result does not depend on the order of interactions. We also provide an automatized version of the colouring strategy for quick segmentation of contours images, that we illustrate with applications to medical imaging and sketch segmentation.","assistive interfaces; computational geometry; image processing; interaction; modelling; shape completion; sketch coloring","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Computer Graphics and Visualisation","","",""
"uuid:4ba23271-5f19-416e-bb76-49e50947f48c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4ba23271-5f19-416e-bb76-49e50947f48c","Climate Change and Resilient Rail Freight Transport","Vleugel, J (TU Delft Transport and Planning); Bal, F","Casares, Juan (editor)","2022","Rail freight transport is a key economic activity; many businesses and people rely on it. It should be available when needed and efficient in use. There are however factors that may reduce the availability and quality of a rail freight service offering. A distinction can be made between what may be called systemic factors, like congestion, accidents and technical failures, and external factors like weather conditions and natural disasters. Rail infrastructure managers and users of rail services have learned from experience to anticipate or adapt to systemic factors. They are, to some extent, also able to cope with certain weather conditions. A rather different situation occurs when the weather becomes more extreme and less predictable. Water management systems are usually not developed for excess amounts of rain and hence will fail. Terrestrial water can turn into a devastating flood that may (temporarily) incapacitate railway infrastructure. With this (partially) out of service, freight trains have to be rerouted. This may lead to severe delays, additional costs and externalities, in particular more emissions. This paper deals with the question: What are options for governments to make rail freight transport more resilient to disruptions triggered by climate change, while limiting the externalities caused by rerouting? The paper is an extension of earlier research on this topic. Methods used in the research were a case study, the data of which were fed into a simulation model, which was used to estimate route length, fuel consumption and emissions. The main outcome of the study is that there are interesting options to make rail freight transport networks more resilient. In order to reap their benefits, interoperability should be improved considerably.","Climate change; resilience; transport operations; modelling","en","conference paper","WIT Press","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9060e406-494b-4db6-b589-d82e2fcca689","Adaptive Modularity for Power Electronics Based Electrolysis Systems for Green Hydrogen","Deshmukh, R.S. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Shekhar, A. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage); Bauer, P. (TU Delft DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage)","","2022","Electrolysis holds tremendous potential in reducing the carbon footprint and providing energy dense fuels such as methane. Such systems can be integrated with renewable energy systems with the aid of power electronics interfaces. However, this integration is not straight-forward and imposes various converter design challenges. This paper presents the current state-of-the-art electrolyzer systems, and a simple model of an alkaline regenerative stack with four degrees of freedom. To gain insights with regards to limitations/trade-offs, a sensitivity analysis is conducted on this model. Based on these insights, the challenges associated with power electronics converter design for this application have been discussed along with the trade-offs associated with the electrolyser system. Furthermore, the concept of adaptive modularity for efficiency and reliability improvement has been discussed.","Power electronics; electrolysis; modelling; sensitivity analysis; modularity and reconfigurability in power electronic systems; isolated converter topologies; green hydrogen","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-07-01","","","DC systems, Energy conversion & Storage","","",""
"uuid:f88bceaa-2885-4e67-8082-240c02a784f7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:f88bceaa-2885-4e67-8082-240c02a784f7","Developing Transdisciplinary Approaches to Sustainability Challenges: The Need to Model Socio-Environmental Systems in the Longue Durée","Silva, Fabio (Bournemouth University); Coward, Fiona (Bournemouth University); Davies, Kimberley (Bournemouth University); Elliott, Sarah (Bournemouth University); Jenkins, Emma (Bournemouth University); Newton, A.C. (Bournemouth University); Riris, Philip (Bournemouth University); Vander Linden, Marc (Bournemouth University); Filatova, T. (TU Delft Policy Analysis)","","2022","Human beings are an active component of every terrestrial ecosystem on Earth. Although our local impact on the evolution of these ecosystems has been undeniable and extensively documented, it remains unclear precisely how our activities are altering them, in part because ecosystems are dynamic systems structured by complex, non-linear feedback processes and cascading effects. We argue that it is only by studying human–environment interactions over timescales that greatly exceed the lifespan of any individual human (i.e., the deep past or longue durée), we can hope to fully understand such processes and their implications. In this article, we identify some of the key challenges faced in integrating long-term datasets with those of other areas of sustainability science, and suggest some useful ways forward. Specifically, we (a) highlight the potential of the historical sciences for sustainability science, (b) stress the need to integrate theoretical frameworks wherein humans are seen as inherently entangled with the environment, and (c) propose formal computational modelling as the ideal platform to overcome the challenges of transdisciplinary work across large, and multiple, geographical and temporal scales. Our goal is to provide a manifesto for an integrated scientific approach to the study of socio-ecological systems over the long term.","archaeology; history; longue durée; modelling; paleoecology; prehistory; transdisciplinarity","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Policy Analysis","","",""
"uuid:c30c8e60-c4ad-453a-8af9-fcd84e01f876","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c30c8e60-c4ad-453a-8af9-fcd84e01f876","Simulating 3D Human Postural Stabilization in Vibration and Dynamic Driving","Mirakhorlo, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Kluft, N. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles; Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam); Desai, R.R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Cvetković, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Irmak, T. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Shyrokau, B. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Happee, R. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles)","","2022","In future automated vehicles we will often engage in non-driving tasks and will not watch the road. This will affect postural stabilization and may elicit discomfort or even motion sickness in dynamic driving. Future vehicles will accommodate this with properly designed seats and interiors, whereas comfortable vehicle motion will be achieved with smooth driving styles and well-designed (active) suspensions. To support research and development in dynamic comfort, this paper presents the validation of a multi-segment full-body human model, including visuo-vestibular and muscle spindle feedback, for postural stabilization. Dynamic driving is evaluated using a “sickening drive”, including a 0.2 Hz 4 m/s2 slalom. Vibration transmission is evaluated with compliant automotive seats, applying 3D platform motion and evaluating 3D translation and rotation of pelvis, trunk and head. The model matches human motion in dynamic driving and reproduces fore–aft, lateral and vertical oscillations. Visuo-vestibular and muscle spindle feedback are shown to be essential, in particular, for head–neck stabilization. Active leg muscle control at the hips and knees is shown to be essential to stabilize the trunk in the high-amplitude slalom condition but not with low-amplitude horizontal vibrations. However, active leg muscle control can strongly affect 4–6 Hz vertical vibration transmission. Compared to the vibration tests, the dynamic driving tests show enlarged postural control gains to minimize trunk and head roll and pitch and to align head yaw with driving direction. Human modelling can enable the insights required to achieve breakthrough comfort enhancements, while enabling efficient developments for a wide range of driving conditions, body sizes and other factors. Hence, modelling human postural control can accelerate the innovation of seats and vehicle motion-control strategies for (automated) vehicles.","biomechanics; comfort; modelling; stabilization; vibration","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:19aad3b1-ceb8-4bee-b03a-6f588b146377","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:19aad3b1-ceb8-4bee-b03a-6f588b146377","Gaussian models for bond strength evaluation of ribbed steel bars in concrete","Prem, Prabhat R. (CSIR-Structural Engineering Research Centre, Chennai); Šavija, B. (TU Delft Materials and Environment)","","2022","A precise prediction of the ultimate bond strength between rebar and surrounding concrete plays a major role in structural design, as it effects the load-carrying capacity and serviceability of a member significantly. In the present study, Gaussian models are employed for modelling bond strength of ribbed steel bars embedded in concrete. Gaussian models offer a non-parametric method based on Bayesian framework which is powerful, versatile, robust and accurate. Five different Gaussian models are explored in this paper-Gaussian Process (GP), Variational Heteroscedastic Gaussian Process (VHGP), Warped Gaussian Process (WGP), Sparse Spectrum Gaussian Process (SSGP), and Twin Gaussian Process (TGP). The effectiveness of the models is also evaluated in comparison to the numerous design formulae provided by the codes. The predictions from the Gaussian models are found to be closer to the experiments than those predicted using the design equations provided in various codes. The sensitivity of the models to various parameters, input feature space and sampling is also presented. It is found that GP, VHGP and SSGP are effective in prediction of the bond strength. For large data set, GP, VHGP, WGP and TGP can be computationally expensive. In such cases, SSGP can be utilized.","bond strength; concrete; gaussian; modelling; steel bars","en","journal article","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2023-06-10","","","Materials and Environment","","",""
"uuid:9acb7f35-54d8-47f1-bb86-cbb0c8144d69","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9acb7f35-54d8-47f1-bb86-cbb0c8144d69","A review of wire arc additive manufacturing: Development, principles, process physics, implementation and current status","Norrish, John (University of Wollongong); Polden, Joseph (University of Wollongong); Richardson, I.M. (TU Delft Team Marcel Hermans)","","2021","Additive manufacturing (AM) is now recognised as a viable alternative to processes such as casting, forging, and subtractive technologies such as machining. Wire arc additive manufacturing (WAAM) has emerged as a cost-effective AM approach for component fabrication and a considerable body of literature on the subject has become available over the last 30 years. This review references the published work in a critical manner. It traces the development of WAAM, the principles of operation, materials considerations, process options, process physics, numerical simulation, process control, the current status and future research needs.","additive; arc; control; manufacturing; materials; modelling; physics","en","review","","","","","","Accepted Author Manuscript","","2022-08-31","","","Team Marcel Hermans","","",""
"uuid:b6920913-20da-46e4-99a6-276481deca3b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b6920913-20da-46e4-99a6-276481deca3b","A conceptual model to determine the impact of off-site construction on labour productivity","van Dijkhuizen, M.J. (TU Delft Integral Design & Management); Vrijhoef, R. (TU Delft Design & Construction Management); Bakker, H.L.M. (TU Delft Integral Design & Management)","Alarcon, Luis Fernando (editor); Gonzalez, Vicente A. (editor); Murguia, Danny (editor); Brioso, Xavier (editor)","2021","Despite the efforts of governments and firms, the construction industry is trailing other industries in labour productivity. Construction companies are interested in increasing their labour productivity, particularly when demand grows and construction firms cope with labour shortages. Off-site construction has proved to be a favourable policy to increase labour productivity. However, a complete understanding of the factors affecting construction labour productivity is lacking, and it is unclear which factors are influenced by off-site construction. This study developed a conceptual model describing how 15 factors influence the construction process and make a difference in labour productivity between off-site and on-site construction. The conceptual model shows that all 15 factors affect labour productivity in three ways: through direct effects, indirect effects and causal loops. The model is a starting point for further research to determine the impact of off-site construction on labour productivity.","Labour productivity; construction process; off-site construction; modelling","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Integral Design & Management","","",""
"uuid:d52224cd-45e1-4d45-a090-bf3ab04bf320","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d52224cd-45e1-4d45-a090-bf3ab04bf320","Performance Modelling and Assessment for Social VR Conference Applications in 5G Radio Networks","Morais, Joao (Lisbon Technical University); Braam, Sjors (TNO); Litjens, R. (TU Delft Network Architectures and Services); Kizhakkekundil, Sandra (Student TU Delft); van den Berg, J.L. (TNO; University of Twente)","","2021","One of the most challenging applications targeted by evolving (beyond-)5G technology is virtual reality (VR). Particularly, 'Social VR' applications provide a fully immersive experience and sense of togetherness to users residing at different locations. To support such applications the network must deal with huge traffic demands, while keeping end-to-end latencies low. Moreover, the radio access network must deal with the volatility and vulnerability of mmWave radio channels, where even small movements of the users may have substantial effects on the Quality of Experience. We present an integral modelling framework for feasibility assessment and performance optimization of the radio access network for Social VR applications in indoor office scenarios. Using the presented modelling approach, we conduct an extensive simulation-based assessment to determine the performance impact of head motion, the frequency band (3.5 GHz, 26 GHz) and radio network configurations, and derive the required carrier bandwidth for a range of 'Social VR' scenarios. Insights into these issues are a prerequisite for setting up guidelines for network deployment and configuration as well as for the development of (AI/ML-based) methods for dynamic resource management to optimally support Social VR applications.","Social XR; VR; 5G; performance assessment; modelling","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","","Network Architectures and Services","","",""
"uuid:a1eef326-1b9d-48e3-88fb-402fc401c262","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a1eef326-1b9d-48e3-88fb-402fc401c262","Multiphysics modelling of photon, mass and heat transfer in coral microenvironments","Taylor Parkins, S.K. (TU Delft BT/Environmental Biotechnology; University of Denmark); Murthy, Swathi (University of Copenhagen); Picioreanu, C. (TU Delft BT/Environmental Biotechnology; Water Desalination and Reuse Center; King Abdullah University of Science and Technology); Kühl, Michael (University of Copenhagen; University of Technology Sydney)","","2021","Coral reefs are constructed by calcifying coral animals that engage in a symbiosis with dinoflagellate microalgae harboured in their tissue. The symbiosis takes place in the presence of steep and dynamic gradients of light, temperature and chemical species that are affected by the structural and optical properties of the coral and their interaction with incident irradiance and water flow. Microenvironmental analyses have enabled quantification of such gradients and bulk coral tissue and skeleton optical properties, but the multi-layered nature of corals and its implications for the optical, thermal and chemical microenvironment remains to be studied in more detail. Here, we present a multiphysics modelling approach, where three-dimensional Monte Carlo simulations of the light field in a simple coral slab morphology with multiple tissue layers were used as input for modelling the heat dissipation and photosynthetic oxygen production driven by photon absorption. By coupling photon, heat and mass transfer, the model predicts light, temperature and O2 gradients in the coral tissue and skeleton, under environmental conditions simulating, for example, tissue contraction/expansion, symbiont loss via coral bleaching or different distributions of coral host pigments. The model reveals basic structure-function mechanisms that shape the microenvironment and ecophysiology of the coral symbiosis in response to environmental change.","light; modelling; radiative transfer; symbiosis; temperature","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","BT/Environmental Biotechnology","","",""
"uuid:5b197d0c-8132-4156-866f-d31bf22f9a05","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5b197d0c-8132-4156-866f-d31bf22f9a05","Advancing ecohydrology in the 21st century: A convergence of opportunities","Guswa, Andrew J. (Smith College); Tetzlaff, Doerthe (Leibniz-Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries (IGB); Humboldt-Universitat zu Berlin); Selker, John S. (Oregon State University); Carlyle-Moses, Darryl E. (Thompson Rivers University); Boyer, Elizabeth W. (Pennsylvania State University); Bruen, Michael (University College Dublin); Cayuela, Carles (Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research (IDAEA-CSIC)); Creed, Irena F. (University of Saskatchewan); van de Giesen, N.C. (TU Delft Water Resources); Grasso, Domenico (University of Michigan-Dearborn)","","2020","Nature-based solutions for water-resource challenges require advances in the science of ecohydrology. Current understanding is limited by a shortage of observations and theories that can further our capability to synthesize complex processes across scales ranging from submillimetres to tens of kilometres. Recent developments in environmental sensing, data, and modelling have the potential to drive rapid improvements in ecohydrological understanding. After briefly reviewing advances in sensor technologies, this paper highlights how improved measurements and modelling can be applied to enhance understanding of the following ecohydrological examples: interception and canopy processes, root uptake and critical zone processes, and up-scaled effects of land use on streamflow. Novel and improved sensors will enable new questions and experiments, while machine learning and empirical methods provide additional opportunities to advance science. The synergy resulting from the convergence of these parallel developments will provide new insight into ecohydrological processes and thereby help identify nature-based solutions to address water-resource challenges in the 21st century.","critical zone processes; environmental sensing; interception; land use; machine learning; measurement; modelling; streamflow","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Water Resources","","",""
"uuid:5452e6d3-c7a9-4dfa-b2c9-c3aec7fc62c6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5452e6d3-c7a9-4dfa-b2c9-c3aec7fc62c6","Erosion processes and retreat prediction of re-naturalized banks in regulated navigable rivers","Duro, G. (TU Delft Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering; Witteveen+Bos); Crosato, A. (TU Delft Environmental Fluid Mechanics; IHE Delft Institute for Water Education); Kleinhans, Maarten G. (Universiteit Utrecht); Uijttewaal, W.S.J. (TU Delft Environmental Fluid Mechanics)","","2020","","Bank erosion; navigation; restoration; modelling","en","abstract","","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository ‘You share, we take care!’ – Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2020-08-14","","","Rivers, Ports, Waterways and Dredging Engineering","","",""
"uuid:e2fc5802-db9f-40ad-9cd9-18210ceabe35","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e2fc5802-db9f-40ad-9cd9-18210ceabe35","Modelling performance an air transport network operated by subsonic and supersonic aircraft","Janic, M. (TU Delft Transport and Planning)","","2020","This paper deals with modelling the performance of an air transport network operated by existing subsonic and the prospective supersonic commercial aircraft. Analytical models of indicators of the infrastructural, technical/technological, operational, economic, environmental, and social performance of the network relevant for the main actors/stakeholders involved are developed. The models are applied to the given long-haul air route network exclusively operated by subsonic and supersonic aircraft according to the specified ""what-if""scenarios.The results from application of the models indicate that supersonic flights powered by LH2 (Liquid Hydrogen) could be more feasible than their subsonic counterparts powered by Jet A fuel, in terms of about three times higher technical productivity, 46% smaller size of the required fleet given the frequency of a single flight per day, 20% lower sum of the aircraft/airline operational, air passenger time, and considered external costs, up to two times higher overall social-economic feasibility, and 94% greater savings in contribution to global warming and climate change. These flights could be less feasible in terms of about 70-85% higher aircraft/airline operational costs, 70% and 19% higher fuel consumption and emissions of Green House Gases, respectively, and 6-13% higher noise compared to the specified acceptable levels.","Air route network; indicators; modelling; performance; social-economic feasibility; subsonic and supersonic aircraft/flights","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Transport and Planning","","",""
"uuid:4d5b2cd6-f59a-4a56-812c-b633ad44f102","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4d5b2cd6-f59a-4a56-812c-b633ad44f102","Development of an Articulating Cycling Mannequin for Wind Tunnel Testing","Garimella, Raman (Universiteit Antwerpen; VoxDale); Moens, Siemen (Universiteit Antwerpen; VoxDale); Vleugels, Jochen (Universiteit Antwerpen); Huysmans, T. (TU Delft Applied Ergonomics and Design); Beyers, koen (VoxDale); Verwulgen, Stijn (Universiteit Antwerpen)","","2020","Gaining aerodynamic advantage is crucial in cycling, wherein drag force can account for 90% of resistance to a cyclist. The interaction of wind with the moving human and cycling equipment also contributes to drag. Testing equipment for aerodynamic properties in a wind tunnel is of interest to manufacturers in the sports industry. However, a protocol that needs to depend on the ability of a human to accurately recreate desired poses and movements multiple times may be cumbersome during testing. Additionally, a stationary mannequin does not accurately represent real-life cycling, where pedaling is a constant. Hence, a moving mannequin is suited for such applications. In this contribution, we demonstrate the development of a 3D printed articulating cycling mannequin. A cyclist was scanned using a structured light 3D scanner. Our goal was to develop an articulating mannequin with pedalling legs and a detachable upper-body to recreate two common cycling poses - time-trial and regular. In this contribution, we describe the full development of the mannequin in time trial pose. This approach outlines a low-cost method to developing mannequins for testing applications in sports.