The Netherlands

Randstad: From a spatial planning concept to a place name

This chapter seeks to unravel the history of the Randstad planning concept and focuses on the national level as a lot of the thinking about the Randstad has been carried out within national planning organisations and trickled down to provincial and municipal planning. It begins with a short section about the very first visualisation of the...

The Development of Open Data in The Netherlands

Open data in The Netherlands dates back to the 1990s when the Ministry of Internal Affairs published the memorandum‘Towards accessibility of government<br/>information’. More than two decades later, open data in The Netherlands has matured with the assignment of a responsible Ministry for open data, an open data vision and an open data action...

Past, Present and Future of Transit-Oriented Development in three European Capital City-Regions

The concept of Transit-Oriented Development—development near, and/or oriented to, mass transit facilities—has generated much interest in Europe over the last decade. Coined in the United States in the 1990s, the term “TOD” is frequently assumed to be a recent American import and a reaction to the consequences of mass motorization and sprawl....