"uuid","repository link","title","author","contributor","publication year","abstract","subject topic","language","publication type","publisher","isbn","issn","patent","patent status","bibliographic note","access restriction","embargo date","faculty","department","research group","programme","project","coordinates"
"uuid:257f68ca-ad6d-482f-b8f8-8185151fa3fc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:257f68ca-ad6d-482f-b8f8-8185151fa3fc","Celebrating HERstories in architecture and planning on International Women’s Day","Newton, C.E.L. (TU Delft Spatial Planning and Strategy)","","2023","At the dawn of International Women’s Day, I want to highlight the importance of feminist solidarity and the need to amplify the voices of these women who have been at the forefront of local organisations and planning in their communities. Too often, these women have been overlooked in the writing of (planning and design) history. By celebrating their contributions, we honour their work and challenge dominant narratives that perpetuate the erasure of women’s experiences and perspectives.","architecture; planning; women's studies; women in design and planning; feminism; international women's day","en","report","carolinewton.com","","","","","","","","","","Spatial Planning and Strategy","","",""
"uuid:df684419-a59f-4d19-a593-b16b88dee87a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:df684419-a59f-4d19-a593-b16b88dee87a","Demolition or retention of buildings: drivers at the masterplan scale","Baker, Hannah (University of Cambridge); Moncaster, Alice (Open University); Wilkinson, Sara (University of Technology Sydney); Remøy, H.T. (TU Delft Real Estate Management)","","2023","Current adaptation theory tends to consider individual buildings or the city level, which cannot address decisions related to masterplan developments on large brownfield sites. This paper investigates the drivers for building demolition or retention and adaptation decisions at the masterplan scale. Expert interviews and three case studies are used to explore how and why decisions to demolish, or to retain and adapt, are made at this scale. The research compared three different geopolitical contexts: Cambridge in the UK; Eindhoven in the Netherlands; and Sydney in Australia. Additional factors and complexities that should be considered at the masterplan scale are identified. The theoretical underpinnings of urban development processes are used to explain these complexities in relation to four existing models and demonstrate that no one model is adequate to describe the interactions. With increasing awareness of climate change impacts, it is critical that demolition decisions on masterplan developments are reviewed in the light of retaining carbon as well as heritage.","adaptation; buildings; demolition; heritage; life cycle assessment; masterplan; planning; retrofit; reuse; urban development","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Real Estate Management","","",""
"uuid:cdca9bf1-3e6b-4bfc-9d9d-b5acdd3f900d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cdca9bf1-3e6b-4bfc-9d9d-b5acdd3f900d","Generalized Models of Sequential Decision-Making under Uncertainty","Neustroev, G. (TU Delft Algorithmics)","de Weerdt, M.M. (promotor); Verzijlbergh, R.A. (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2022","Sequential decision-making under uncertainty is an important branch of artificial intelligence research with a plethora of real-life applications. In this thesis, we generalize two fundamental properties of the decision-making process. First, we show that the theory on planning methods for finite spaces can be extended to infinite but countable spaces. Second, we propose a unified model of reinforcement learning algorithms that employ the principle of optimism in the face of uncertainty. This model is used to explain why these methods are efficient. We use the developed theory to design novel algorithms. Depending on the user's needs, these algorithms can either automate the decision-making process completely, or provide advice in decision-support systems.
We start with presenting the basic concepts from the theory of decision-making and discuss the two approaches to it: planning and reinforcement learning. We look at a few typical sequential decision-making problems of increasing difficulty. In particular, we present a game that involves grid navigation and the problems of warehouse management and wind farm operation. Next, we survey the state-of-the-art methods for solving such problems.
Based on this analysis, we identify the following research opportunities. In planning, models with non-stationary and countably-infinite data remain relatively untreated because they are equivalent to infinitely-dimensional optimization problems, which are notoriously difficult to solve even approximately. In reinforcement learning, optimistic approaches lead to computational efficiency, yet the theory of optimism remains undeveloped. Moreover, while reinforcement learning shines at playing games, such as chess, shōgi, Go, and StarCraft II, its practical applications remain few.
Next, we overview a mathematical framework of sequential decision-making under uncertainty known as the Markov decision process. We explain how the goal of the decision-maker can be expressed as an optimization problem and present two approaches to achieving this goal. The first—more common—approach assigns so-called values to different actions. The other approach uses so-called occupancies that tell how often the agent should choose the actions instead of evaluating how good these actions are. In fact, the two approaches are known to be dual to each other. While this duality is well studied in the finite case, the infinite case is less explored. To address this knowledge gap, we present a new dual formulation for countable problems, both finite and infinite.
Afterwards, we use the dual formulation to design a new planning algorithm for infinite-horizon problems with non-stationary data. These problems are essentially infinite-dimensional optimization problems and as such are impossible to solve exactly using the standard approaches. We show that they can be solved by changing what is defined as optimal behavior: instead of seeking universally optimal policies, we consider initial-decision-optimal ones. Instead of planning all of the actions beforehand, these policies can be used to plan given the currently observed data. When the next decision is required, the process can be repeated in the same manner, leading to an optimal decision-making strategy. Our approach uses the occupancy-value duality to rule out suboptimal actions based on so-called truncations: finite-time approximations of the infinite-horizon decision-making problem.
We extend the truncation approach to a more general setting of decision-making problems with countably-infinite state spaces. Instead of time-based truncations, we consider state-based ones. This allows us to limit the amount of data required to make the decisions and to design an algorithm for a class of problems that are otherwise unsolvable to optimality. This approach belongs to a family of methods called policy iteration: starting from an initial policy, it constructs a series of improvements in the decisions while ruling out choices that are provably suboptimal.
After that, we turn to reinforcement learning. For a long time, the only provably efficient reinforcement-learning methods were model-based ones; recently, a family of model-free optimistic methods emerged, each of them accompanied by an analysis of how sample-efficient the method is. We, too, study optimistic reinforcement learning, but in contrast to the existing research, we seek to understand not how efficient it is, but why it is efficient. Our analysis results in a formula that explains the three factors that cause regret—the efficiency loss—in optimistic reinforcement learning: the problem size, the measure of exploration, and the estimation error caused by the mismatch between the realized transitions and their true distribution. It can be applied to all of the existing algorithms as well as new ones. We design one such new algorithm and show how our theoretical framework can facilitate the proof of its efficiency.
Finally, we consider a high-impact real-world sequential decision-making problem known as active wake control. Wind turbines can negatively impact each other with their wakes. These wake-induced losses can be reduced by changing the turbine orientations. Unfortunately, the optimal control strategy is non-trivial. To address this, existing approaches use simplified wake models in combination with numerical optimization methods; instead we propose to use model-free reinforcement learning. As a first step towards this goal, we present a wind farm simulator that is suitable for reinforcement learning and better reflects the realities of wind farm operation than other existing tools. Using this simulator, we show that previous research used a suboptimal action representation in this problem; we identify two alternatives, both of which improve the learning efficiency. Additionally, we demonstrate that reinforcement learning is robust to errors in the observations, providing further evidence that it is a fitting approach to active wake control.
Our contributions advance the state of the art in the theory of sequential decision-making under uncertainty and its applications. These advances hint at unexplored connections between countably-infinite planning and optimistic learning, which may lead to even more efficient algorithms for sequential decision-making under uncertainty in the future.","sequential decision-making under uncertainty; optimization; Markov decision processes; planning; linear programming; duality; reinforcement learning; optimistic learning","en","doctoral thesis","","978-94-6366-624-4","","","","","","","","","Algorithmics","","",""
"uuid:e29c644e-4bf7-48a5-8b8d-f1e8ec7afe91","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e29c644e-4bf7-48a5-8b8d-f1e8ec7afe91","A Unifying Framework for Reinforcement Learning and Planning","Moerland, Thomas M. (Universiteit Leiden); Broekens, D.J. (Universiteit Leiden); Plaat, Aske (Universiteit Leiden); Jonker, C.M. (TU Delft Interactive Intelligence; Universiteit Leiden)","","2022","Sequential decision making, commonly formalized as optimization of a Markov Decision Process, is a key challenge in artificial intelligence. Two successful approaches to MDP optimization are reinforcement learning and planning, which both largely have their own research communities. However, if both research fields solve the same problem, then we might be able to disentangle the common factors in their solution approaches. Therefore, this paper presents a unifying algorithmic framework for reinforcement learning and planning (FRAP), which identifies underlying dimensions on which MDP planning and learning algorithms have to decide. At the end of the paper, we compare a variety of well-known planning, model-free and model-based RL algorithms along these dimensions. Altogether, the framework may help provide deeper insight in the algorithmic design space of planning and reinforcement learning.","framework; model-based reinforcement learning; overview; planning; reinforcement learning; synthesis","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Interactive Intelligence","","",""
"uuid:b62c0a9f-fe33-40df-be0a-1a8934fea1b4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b62c0a9f-fe33-40df-be0a-1a8934fea1b4","Visual Storytelling: Assessing the power of maps in planning","Zonneveld, W.A.M. (TU Delft Spatial Planning and Strategy)","Rocco, Roberto (editor); Bracken, Gregory (editor); Newton, Caroline (editor); Dabrowski, Marcin (editor)","2022","There is an abundant use of visualisation in spatial planning. This chapter is particularly concerned about planning on the regional level and beyond. On these higher levels of scales maps form the dominant visualisation mode. To fully comprehend and evaluate the content of these maps this chapter first discusses a set of theoretical concepts and considerations under the heading of maps as constructs. This is followed by the main part of the chapter: a discussion about the techniques which map makers seek to use. The main objective of this particular section is to provide a number of tools to interpret and assess the stories told by maps and to look beyond the visual style and seductive image of maps. We round off with the conclusion: the unity of text and maps in (supra)regional planning.","maps; visual storytelling; planning; design; semiotics","en","book chapter","TU Delft OPEN Publishing","","","","","","","","","","Spatial Planning and Strategy","","",""
"uuid:12b04a10-47f4-41e7-b0d9-de361f520a43","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:12b04a10-47f4-41e7-b0d9-de361f520a43","Coordinated expansion planning of transmission and distribution systems integrated with smart grid technologies","Moradi Sepahvand, M. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Amraee, Turaj (K.N. Toosi University of Technology); Aminifar, Farrokh (University of Tehran); Akbari, Amirhossein (K.N. Toosi University of Technology)","","2022","Integration of smart grid technologies in distribution systems, particularly behind-the-meter initiatives, has a direct impact on transmission network planning. This paper develops a coordinated expansion planning of transmission and active distribution systems via a stochastic multistage mathematical programming model. In the transmission level, in addition to lines, sitting and sizing of utility-scale battery energy storage systems and wind power plants under renewable portfolio standard policy are planned. Switchable feeders and distributed generations are decision variables in the distribution level while the impact of demand response programs as a sort of behind-the-meter technologies is accommodated as well. Expansion of electric vehicle taxi charging stations is included as a feasible option in both transmission and distribution levels. In order to deal with short-term uncertainty of load demand, renewable energy sources output power, and the charging pattern of electric vehicle taxis in each station, a chronological time-period clustering algorithm along with Monte Carlo simulation is utilized. The proposed model is tackled by means of Benders Dual Decomposition (BDD) method. The IEEE RTS test system (as the transmission system) along with four IEEE 33-node test feeders (as distribution test systems) are examined to validate effectiveness of the proposed model.","Distribution system operator; transmission system operator; Transmission and distribution expansion; planning; Smart grid technologies","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Electrical Power Grids","","",""
"uuid:5da3dce3-27e4-4cb7-809e-0ea523ed3db1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:5da3dce3-27e4-4cb7-809e-0ea523ed3db1","Enabling assessment of distributive justice through models for climate change planning: A review of recent advances and a research agenda","Jafino, B.A. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); Kwakkel, J.H. (TU Delft Policy Analysis); Taebi, B. (TU Delft Ethics & Philosophy of Technology)","","2021","Models for supporting climate adaptation and mitigation planning, mostly in the form of Integrated Assessment Models, are poorly equipped for aiding questions related to fairness of adaptation and mitigation strategies, because they often disregard distributional outcomes. When evaluating policies using such models, the costs and benefits are typically aggregated across all actors in the system, and over the entire planning horizon. While a policy may be beneficial when considering the aggregate outcome, it can be harmful to some people, somewhere, at some point in time. The practice of aggregating over all actors and over time thus gives rise to problems of justice; it could also exacerbate existing injustices. While the literature discusses some of these injustices in ad-hoc and case specific manner, a systematic approach for considering distributive justice in model-based climate change planning is lacking. This study aims to fill this gap by proposing 11 requirements that an Integrated Assessment Model should meet in order to enable the assessment of distributive justice in climate mitigation and adaptation policies. We derive the requirements from various ethical imperatives stemming from the theory of distributive justice. More specifically, we consider both intra-generational (among people within one generation) and intergenerational (between generations) distributive justice. We investigate to what extent the 11 requirements are being met in recent model-based climate planning studies, and highlight several directions for future research to advance the accounting for distributive justice in model-based support for climate change planning. This article is categorized under: Climate, Nature, and Ethics > Climate Change and Global Justice.","adaptation and mitigation; distributive justice; integrated assessment model; planning; requirements","en","review","","","","","","","","","","","Policy Analysis","","",""
"uuid:75a45bcd-c318-4b16-bb31-04a72f4e9368","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:75a45bcd-c318-4b16-bb31-04a72f4e9368","System-Level Design for Reliability and Maintenance Scheduling in Modern Power Electronic-Based Power Systems","Peyghami, S. (Aalborg University); Palensky, P. (TU Delft Intelligent Electrical Power Grids); Fotuhi-Firuzabad, Mahmoud (Sharif University of Technology); Blaabjerg, Frede (Aalborg University)","","2020","Power electronic converters will serve as the fundamental components of modern power systems. However, they may suffer from poorer reliability if not properly designed, consequently affecting the overall performance of power systems. Accordingly, the converter reliability should be taken into account in design and planning of Power Electronic-based Power Systems (PEPSs). Optimal decision-making in planning of PEPSs requires precise reliability modeling in converters from component up to system-level. This paper proposes model-based system-level design and maintenance strategies in PEPSs based on the reliability model of converters. This will yield a reliable and economic planning of PEPSs by proper sizing of converters, cost-effective design of converter components, identifying and strengthening the converter weakest links, as well as optimal maintenance scheduling of converters. Numerical case studies demonstrate the effectiveness of the proposed design and planning strategies for modern power systems.","Design; maintenance; planning; power converter; power system; reliability; wear-out failure","en","journal article","","","","","","","","","","","Intelligent Electrical Power Grids","","",""
"uuid:ac6f2d20-b84d-477f-9cdd-899be92649b8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ac6f2d20-b84d-477f-9cdd-899be92649b8","Validating SuperHuman Automated Driving Performance","Ajanovic, Zlatan (Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH); Klomp, Matthijs (Volvo); Lacevic, Bakir (University of Sarajevo); Shyrokau, B. (TU Delft Intelligent Vehicles); Pretto, Paolo (Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH); Islam, Hassaan (Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH); Stettinger, Georg (Virtual Vehicle Research GmbH); Horn, Martin (Graz University of Technology)","","2020","Closed-loop validation of autonomous vehicles is an open problem, significantly influencing development and adoption of this technology. The main contribution of this paper is a novel approach to reproducible, scenario-based validation that decouples the problem into several sub-problems, while avoiding to brake the crucial couplings. First, a realistic scenario is generated from the real urban traffic. Second, human participants, drive in a virtual scenario (in a driving simulator), based on the real traffic. Third, human and automated driving trajectories are reproduced and compared in the real vehicle on an empty track without traffic. Thus, benefits of automation with respect to safety, efficiency and comfort can be clearly benchmarked in a reproducible manner. Presented approach is used to benchmark performance of SBOMP planner in one scenario and validate SuperHuman driving performance.","automated driving; lane change; multi-lane driving; planning; SuperHuman; traffic lights; urban driving; validation","en","conference paper","IEEE","","","","","Green Open Access added to TU Delft Institutional Repository 'You share, we take care!' - Taverne project https://www.openaccess.nl/en/you-share-we-take-care Otherwise as indicated in the copyright section: the publisher is the copyright holder of this work and the author uses the Dutch legislation to make this work public.","","2021-06-14","","","Intelligent Vehicles","","",""
"uuid:e73259c9-a0df-44f4-b24d-0a14b049197c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e73259c9-a0df-44f4-b24d-0a14b049197c","Urban informality shaped by labor: Addressing the spatial logics of favelas","Chagas Cavalcanti, A.R. (TU Delft Space & Type)","van Gameren, D.E. (promotor); Rocco, Roberto (copromotor); Delft University of Technology (degree granting institution)","2019","This doctoral thesis mainly consists of a series of journal publications written by the author between 2015 and 2019. The doctoral thesis presents the results of ten years of research on informal settlements, with particular reference to Brazilian favelas. The research aimed to understand the social dynamics of the production of space in these settlements. To this purpose, the author took residence in favelas and performed field research for a total of six years, including the witnessing of a resettlement process from a favela to a formal social housing development in the city of Maceió, in Brazil. The social dynamics that produces and influences the space of the favelas observed in the field were systematically codified in a new pedagogic tool by the author. As main findings from the analysis, it emerged that labor primarily shapes, plans and governs space in informal settlements. Working activities explain the emergence of these settlements, influence the dynamics of space inside the domain of the house, influence the shape of streets up to the margin of the favelas, but also has influence on city and global scales. From the residents’ perspective, labor represents both a means to earn their subsistence, livelihoods and underscores their inner self-esteem as human beings. Working practices originally present in the favelas were in fact restored in the social housing development to where citizens were relocated, with their original domestic function. According to this thesis, labor practices of inhabitants of informal settlements must be addressed when designing housing solutions for deprived citizens fighting for their survival and must be considered as a housing right. The reasons why the current housing approaches do not contemplate work are understood in context and interpreted according to their historic and economic backgrounds. A housing architectural and planning approach aimed at restoring the combination of working and domestic functions of human beings is proposed instead.","work; labor; informal settlemens; slums; architecture; planning; livelihood; housing","en","doctoral thesis","A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment","978-94-6366-199-7","","","","A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment No 9 (2019)","","","","","Space & Type","","",""
"uuid:c5feade4-db7a-4d99-8207-75be8609f90e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:c5feade4-db7a-4d99-8207-75be8609f90e","Distributed agency between 2D and 3D representation of the subsurface","Hooimeijer, F.L. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); van Campenhout, Ignace (Gemeente Rotterdam)","","2019","Although severely altered, the urban subsurface is the base of the natural system, and is crucial for a stable, green, healthy, and liveable city. It is also the technical space, the engine room of the city where vital functions such as water, electricity, sewers, and drainage are located. This hybrid state needs to be recognized when designing resilient and durable (subsurface) infrastructure within urban renewal projects, so as to properly employ the parameters of both natural and technical systems. Interdisciplinary work is needed in order to be able to link natural systems (a) the water cycle, (b) soil and subsurface conditions, (c) soil improvement technology, and (d) opportunities for urban renewal (e.g. urban growth or shrinkage) in an efficient way.
The importance of implementing “boundary spanning” when doing interdisciplinary work that deals with the effects of climate change is a widely recognized method, and has been an object of study in the city of Rotterdam in the past decade. The particular need for a “distributed agency” became clear during several research projects dealing with climate change, because it enables different actors to contribute to the development of the project at different phases. The representation of the city as both a natural and technical construction has been tested through the use of 2D and 3D information, which has played a significant role in enabling designs to incorporate the dimension of the subsurface. 2D and 3D information needs to anticipate different scales of specific planning and/or design phases, and they must also address various topics of the subsurface. For each phase of urban development, the distributed agency between 2D and 3D information is investigated and reflected upon. Conclusions are then drawn on the relationship between 2D and 3D information, and how it could relate in a productive, boundary spanning act that is inclusive of the subsurface. Based on these potential connections, the design of a new concept which implements boundary spanning as a facilitator is presented.
and governmental problems.
Through the last decades, many factors have been overlapping in this complex palimpsest: illegal developments and the measures to legitimize
them can be paradoxically understood as real cornerstones for the local planning system; the traces of the post-Fordist abandoned landscapes are
mixed with the historical remains, showing the deep sense of identity that still persists in the territory. On the other hand, the Campania Plain
is a porous territory characterised by an adaptive resilience. This is interwoven with the presence of areas of outstanding natural beauty, with a
resilient interstitial agriculture, and with a fragmented but resistant economy.
In this paper, two emblematic case-studies are discussed (Casaluce and Est-Naples), understanding WL as an additional category of waste with
the urgent need to be recycled, in order to: reactivate urban metabolism; to improve the quality of life, the spatial quality of the territory, and the
regional economy.","port-city; landscape; path dependency; planning","en","conference paper","Delft University of Technology","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:ad2758a1-733d-4ceb-974e-adcc59dbdb8c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ad2758a1-733d-4ceb-974e-adcc59dbdb8c","Polycentricity, Performance and Planning: Concepts, Evidence and Policy in Barcelona, Catalonia","Masip-Tresserra, J.","Zonneveld, W.A.M. (promotor); Meijers, E.J. (promotor)","2016","Despite strong efforts made by scholars to study the polycentric spatial organization of agglomeration in metropolitan areas, there is still no consensus about the conceptualization (i.e., identification and measurement) of polycentricity and its economic, social, and environmental (dis)advantages. Additionally, little is known in the policy realm about how polycentric development can be conceptualized in spatial plans and how the assumed benefits of polycentricity can be realized in planning practice. This is despite the fact that more than 75 percent of recent spatial plans developed for large metropolitan areas in OECD countries consider polycentric development to be the best strategy for managing urban development. It is therefore crucial to gain more insights into the multiple and reciprocal relationships among the polycentric spatial structure of metropolitan areas; their economic, social, and environmental performance; and how these metropolitan areas are planned through the elaboration of spatial plans. A deep understanding of these relationships will help to successfully address impending economic, social, and environmental challenges for people who currently live in metropolitan areas—this includes approximately 50 percent of the world’s population, considering only the non-metropolitan and metropolitan populations of OECD countries in 2014. This issue of A+BE provides valuable insights by conducting research that links knowledge of polycentric constellations and their economic, social, and environmental effects to planning practice and policy in metropolitan areas. Specifically, this book develops policy/discourse analysis to examine how the makers of spatial plans have addressed polycentric development over time. Moreover, this book contributes to the literature by proposing conceptual and empirical frameworks for identifying/measuring polycentricity on the intra-metropolitan scale and for broader testing of the effects of polycentricity on metropolitan performance. Evidence-informed guidelines for spatial development strategies are then provided. These guidelines are built upon the empirical substantiation that centers of a polycentric metropolitan structure are able to foster better performance of a metropolitan area when they are more spatially integrated, bigger, and more proximate to their smaller neighboring cities.","polycentricity; performance; planning; agglomeration economies; agglomeration shadows; economic competitiveness; social well-being; environmental sustainability; spatial plans; metropolitan areas; Barcelona; Catalonia","en","doctoral thesis","A+BE | Architecture and the Built Environment","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","OTB Research for the Built Environment","","","","41.5911589, 1.5208624"
"uuid:9bf41aed-ebd0-4038-8961-9fdbb699b1a7","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9bf41aed-ebd0-4038-8961-9fdbb699b1a7","Robust scheduling in an uncertain environment","Wilson, M.","Witteveen, C. (promotor)","2016","This thesis presents research on scheduling in an uncertain environment, which forms a part of the rolling stock life cycle logistics applied research and development program funded by Dutch railway industry companies. The focus therefore lies on scheduling of maintenance operations on rolling stock in the railway industry. The first chapter describes some of the history of the Dutch railways, focusing on the rolling stock used, and it introduces the context in which NedTrain, a major Dutch rolling stock maintenance company, operates. While maintenance of rolling stock is not a new problem, recent changes in the field are identified in this chapter which introduce new challenges: the first is the declining involvement of maintenance experts in the procurement of new rolling stock, the second is the on-going demand for increasing efficiency. Based on this discussion, the goal of this thesis is to devise a method with which schedules can be created based on a flexible process. The schedules resulting from this method are to be both flexible, meaning that they can be adapted easily, and robust, meaning that they are resilient to the effects of uncertain events. Lastly, our goal is to create the schedules in such a way that the effects of disturbances in one team have little or no effect on any other teams in the same workshop. Chapter 2 examines existing research in the context of the formulated research goals. It is shown that the well-known Resource-Constrained Project Scheduling Problem (RCPSP) can be mapped to the problem of scheduling maintenance tasks on trains in the NedTrain workshops. The most important methods to solve the RCPSP are discussed, among which are many exact methods. Both the scale of the problem and the requirement of having a flexible schedule instead of a fixed time assignment for the tasks prohibit using these methods. Among the heuristic methods discussed, the Precedence Constraint Posting method turns out to be an especially good fit: it is able to solve large-sized problems very quickly, and it uses a Simple Temporal Network (STN) as a way of representing many different solutions to the original problem, offering a lot of flexibility. Based on the research discussed, research questions are formulated to answer the research goals. - The first question asks how to define criteria encapsulating the notion of flexibility as posed by our research goals, and how to measure the flexibility of a schedule. - The second question asks how we can make the best use of available flexibility to attain robustness. - The third question asks if there is also a way to extend the concept of temporal flexibility to include a form of sequential flexibility. - The last question asks how we can use our work on robustness to decouple schedules, ensuring that disturbances in the schedule for one agent have no impact on any other agents. The third chapter investigates criteria corresponding to our intuitive notion of flexibility in scheduling. The concept of interval schedules serves as a basis for this investigation: the idea is that each task in the schedule is assigned an interval from which its start time can be picked, and the length of all these intervals serves as a representation for the flexibility of the schedule. We show that flexibility measures in existing research lead to an over-estimation of the total available flexibility, because dependencies between tasks are not taken into account properly: simply adding the interval sizes for two dependent tasks causes over-estimation, because the picked time for one task can reduce the interval size for another task. Our first major contribution is an independence requirement for the creation of these intervals: we state that intervals should be constructed in such a way that any choice in one interval has no impact on the available choices in any of the other intervals. Our second major contribution is a method to actually construct such intervals, which results in a valid interval schedule for an \stn, allowing efficient schedule execution under dynamic circumstances. Additionally, we note that an interval schedule can also serve as a mechanism to decouple a schedule, giving a partial answer to the last research question. In the fourth chapter, we investigate how to make use of the available flexibility to ensure that schedules are robust. We show that having a maximal total amount of flexibility does not imply that the schedule is as robust as possible: maximization might lead to a very skewed distribution of flexibility over the schedule. Different ways of distributing flexibility over a schedule are proposed and analyzed in an experimental setting. From the experiments it can be clearly concluded that sacrificing some of the total flexibility to improve the distribution of flexibility can have a positive influence on the robustness of the schedule. We also propose a different maximization strategy: one which maximizes the minimum of the interval sizes for the schedule. This strategy is shown to work especially well for small delays. So far we only discussed strategies concerning temporal flexibility, i.e., those in which start times remain flexible instead of fixed. Chapter 5 introduces a novel representation of solutions for planning problems in which not all ordering decisions needed to avoid resource contention are made in advance. This is achieved by grouping tasks which need to be executed sequentially together, in such a way that either ordering of the tasks remains feasible during execution time. An analysis using simulation experiments shows that this technique results in higher robustness, at the cost of somewhat lower resource utilization. The proposed algorithm to construct such schedules offers limited control over the size of the grouped tasks. The experiments show a slightly counter-intuitive results: schedules with larger groups offer lower robustness than those with smaller groups. A plausible explanation is the fact that delays can occur at any place in a schedule. Having multiple smaller groups instead of a few very large ones increases the chance that such a delay can be compensated for using a task group.","scheduling; robustness; planning; flexibility; computer science; algorithmics","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software Technology","","","",""
"uuid:bb36f445-192d-4c7b-bc6f-9734141415ed","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bb36f445-192d-4c7b-bc6f-9734141415ed","Cultivated landscapes as new cathedrals","Van Bergeijk, H.","","2015","Cornelis van Eesteren plays an instrumental role in the history of urbanism education in the Netherlands. He is regarded as a modernist, as a counterpart to the more traditional M.J. Granpré Molière. His expansion plans for Amsterdam earned him a reputation even before World War II, but as well as focusing on the IJsselmeer polders, his post-war work also involved modernising urbanism education in Delft. Van Eesteren was the pioneer of a new approach.","Van Eesteren; planning; education; TU Delft","en","book chapter","TU Delft","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architecture","","","",""
"uuid:30abff56-5d1d-47b7-ad51-925c1ae12495","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:30abff56-5d1d-47b7-ad51-925c1ae12495","Van Lohuizen and Van Eesteren: Partners in Planning and Education at TH Delft","Van Bergeijk, H.","","2015","This small booklet contains the inaugural speeches of Th. K. van Lohuizen and Cor van Eesteren on their appointments as professors at the Technical College of Delft. The texts provide novel insights into their respective teaching programs, and appear here for the first time in English. An analytical reflection on their work by the architectural historian Herman van Bergeijk introduces them.","Van Lohuizen; Van Eesteren; planning; education; TU Delft","en","book","TU Delft","","","","","","","","Architecture and The Built Environment","Architecture","","","",""
"uuid:1d64fcb1-83bd-4ae2-9c5f-5da91bba9bde","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1d64fcb1-83bd-4ae2-9c5f-5da91bba9bde","A Scenario State Representation for Scheduling Deferrable Loads under Wind Uncertainty","Walraven, E.M.P.; Spaan, M.T.J.","","2015","Integration of renewable energy in power systems is a potential source of uncertainty, because renewable generation is variable and may depend on changing and highly uncertain weather conditions. In this paper we present and evaluate a new method to schedule power-demanding tasks with release times and deadlines under uncertainty, in order to balance demand and uncertain supply. The problem is considered as a multiagent sequential decision making problem where agents have to deal with uncertainty. Our main contribution is a scenario state representation and an algorithm that computes a belief over future scenarios, rather than states. The algorithm is used to recompute the belief when new information becomes available. Experiments show that our method matches demand and uncertain supply to reduce grid power consumption, and outperforms an existing online consensus scheduling algorithm.","deferrable loads; planning; scheduling; smart grids","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software and Computer Technology","","","",""
"uuid:3e5864fb-bd40-4712-b7af-06ed444673c8","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3e5864fb-bd40-4712-b7af-06ed444673c8","Reizigerseffecten van onbetrouwbaar OV in maatschappelijke kostenbatenanalyses","Van Oort, N.; Van Leusden, R.","","2015","Hoewel het verbeteren van de betrouwbaarheid van het openbaar vervoer (OV) vaak één van de belangrijkste doelen is van OV-projecten, ontbreekt in maatschappelijke kostenbatenanalyses (MKBA’s) vaak expliciete, kwantitatieve aandacht voor de verwachte baten hiervan. In dit paper presenteren we een methodiek die het mogelijk maakt deze baten kwantitatief in kaart te brengen, waardoor ze wel meegenomen kunnen worden in een MKBA. De belangrijkste baten van een verbeterde betrouwbaarheid voor reizigers zijn een kortere reistijd en een zekerder aankomstmoment. Aan de hand van een casestudie laten we zien hoe de methodiek toegepast kan worden. Het betreft de geplande verbetering van de OV-verbinding tussen Utrecht Centraal en de Uithof. Deze case laat ook zien dat de betrouwbaarheidsbaten substantieel kunnen zijn en in dit geval zelfs het verschil maken tussen een baten-kostenratio van boven of onder de 1. In dit project bleken de betrouwbaarheidsbaten ca. tweederde van de totale verwachte baten te beslaan, waarmee de ratio positief uitkwam. Hierdoor heeft de Minister destijds besloten het project financieel te ondersteunen. Om betrouwbaarheidsbaten ook voor andere projecten te borgen in toekomstige MKBA’s raden wij aan deze methodiek als suggestie op te nemen in de voorschriften van MKBA’s, zoals de OEI-leidraad. Afhankelijk van het project kan dan evt. een gedetailleerde of quick scan analyse plaatsvinden.","betrouwbaarheid; MKBA; OV; planning","nl","journal article","Stichting Vervoerswetenschap","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport & Planning","","","",""
"uuid:7dfe8f89-f915-460c-99a6-8820a7a2632a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7dfe8f89-f915-460c-99a6-8820a7a2632a","Real-time estimation of surgical procedure duration","Guédon, A.C.P. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Paalvast, M.; Meeuwsen, F.C. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Tax, D.M.J. (TU Delft Pattern Recognition and Bioinformatics); van Dijke, A.P. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Wauben, L.S.G.L. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); Van Der Elst, M. (Reinier de Graaf Gasthuis); Dankelman, J. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology); van den Dobbelsteen, J.J. (TU Delft Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology)","","2015","Efficiency in the Operating Room (OR) is a topic of growing interest. Planning of care is a crucial element to ensure optimal use of the ORs. Currently, OR scheduling is considered as a complex task based on predictions of surgery duration. The latter are often based on average times, but turn out to be inaccurate in practice because of various factors (such as complexity, patient's characteristics, unexpected events, etc). The aim of this study is to develop a prediction system that estimates in real-time the remaining duration of a surgical procedure. The prediction system was based on monitoring the progress of a procedure by recording the activation of a single piece of equipment in the OR, the electrosurgical device. Support Vector Machines was then used as a classifier to predict the remaining surgical procedure duration and thereby the optimal timing to start preparing the next patient for surgery. The classifier was trained with data on the activation of the electrosurgical device during 55 laparoscopic cholecystectomies. The performance tests showed a mean error rate about 0.2, which means that about 80% of the procedures were classified correctly. The real-time prediction system is a promising tool to improve OR planning and decrease unnecessary patients' waiting times.","operating room; pattern recognition; planning; procedure duration; support vector machines; workflow","en","conference paper","Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers (IEEE)","","","","","Geudon moet Guédon zijn. Krijg dat niet aangepast via master data; wel als extra naam toegevoegd aldaar. Zij staat gewoon verkeerd in PS.","Campus only","","","","Medical Instruments & Bio-Inspired Technology","","",""
"uuid:15003eaf-6b97-4a0b-99ad-ed7ecb8380e6","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:15003eaf-6b97-4a0b-99ad-ed7ecb8380e6","BALANCE 4P - Balancing decisions for urban brownfield redevelopment: Technical report of the BALANCE 4P project of the SNOWMAN Network coordinated call IV","Norrman, J. (Chalmers University of Technology); Volchko, Y. (Chalmers University of Technology); Maring, L (Deltares); Hooimeijer, F.L. (TU Delft Environmental Technology and Design); Broekx, S. (Flemish Institute for Technological Research); Garcao, R. (Chalmers University of Technology); Beames, A. (Flemish Institute for Technological Research); Kain, J.H. (Chalmers University of Technology); Ivarsson, M. (Enveco); Touchant, K. (Flemish Institute for Technological Research)","","2015","Land take as a result of urbanization is one of the major soil threats in Europe. One of the key measures to prevent further urban sprawl and additional land take, is redevelopment of urban brownfields: underused urban areas with, in many cases, soil and groundwater pollution. The latter issue can be a bottleneck for redevelopment of brownfields instead of green fields. A difficulty for brownfield redevelopments is that in urban projects the responsibilities, tools and knowledge of subsurface engineering and urban planning and design are not integrated; they depend heavily on each other but work in sectors. The urban designer usually deals with opportunities for socio-economic benefits while the subsoil engineer deals with the technical challenges of the site. Balance 4P suggests a holistic approach to brownfield redevelopment that (i) recognizes all phases of the urban redevelopment process which are influenced by the planning conditions set by laws, regulations, policy and institutions; (ii) acknowledges multiple subsurface qualities in the brownfield redevelopment project; (iii) promotes knowledge exchange between the surface and the subsurface sectors, across disciplines within each sector, and over time, about the subsurface qualities of the specific project; (iv) focus on the urban redevelopment project by identifying strategies for redevelopment that can fulfil a good quality of the built environment; (v) assesses the three P’s (People, Planet, Profit/Prosperity) in each urban redevelopment phase; and (vi) puts the Process in focus rather than specific instruments by focusing on identification of WHO should be involved in the knowledge exchange process and HOW it can be mediated. The developed decision support framework is aimed to guide project teams willing to implement a more holistic approach in practice. The framework includes four steps carried out in iterative manner: (1) stakeholder analysis, (2) generation of redevelopment alternatives, (3) sustainability assessment of the alternatives, and (4) synthesis of the assessment results, including uncertainty analysis. The guidance describing the steps in the decision support framework and activities within each step can help to structure the decision process and provide support to project teams. The anticipated advantages of the holistic approach are redevelopment plans that allow for smart, cost-effective and sustainable solutions in the implementation process by making explicit use of subsurface information and knowledge in the planning process, and possibilities for more long-term sustainable planning with regard to the subsurface by increased awareness of the subsurface as a resource and the associated risks and possibilities.","brownfield; contaminated site; redevelopment; remediation; planning; sustainability assessment; holistic approach; decision process","en","report","Chalmers University of Technology","","","","","","","","","","Environmental Technology and Design","","",""
"uuid:56dfd837-4121-411c-b36d-80baac2efc81","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:56dfd837-4121-411c-b36d-80baac2efc81","TIME TO CHANGE: The foreseeable future for water planning","Segrave, A.J.","Van Vierssen, W. (promotor)","2014","The decisions people make, and the actions they take, depend on how they conceptualize and experience time. This fundamental and influential factor is seldom acknowledged, little understood, and rarely considered explicitly in planning; be that for the material systems or the knowledge systems in the water sector. The objectives of the research that is described in this thesis were (1) to characterize similarities and differences in the Time Perspectives of people working in the water sector worldwide and (2) to theorize about how this temporal ambiguity influences, and can be used for, water planning and setting research agendas. First an interpretive framework was developed including a model of Time Perspective, which was designed to make clear the most fundamental assumptions about the (relationships between) aspects of an individual’s Time Perspective that influence the decisions they make and the actions they take. This model builds on explicit foundations from Critical Realism and brings together psychological theories of motivation and internal time consciousness. The model formed a framework that was used to develop the Foreseeable Future Multi-measure Method. This new method was designed to characterize relevant aspects of an individual’s Time Perspective in an integrated fashion. It is a structured interview with five successive steps that are sequenced to account for socially acceptable responses and to facilitate triangulation: 1. Describe the goals and events that motivate the interviewee’s decisions and actions 2. Characterize the structure and orientation of the interviewee’s concept of time 3. Measure the temporal extension of the interviewee’s motivational objects 4. Triangulate the indirect measures with direct questions by completion of sentences 5. Triangulate the preceding measures with an inventory for typifying orientation The Foreseeable Future Multi-measure Method was used to interview 309 managers, practical workers, and scientists in the Netherlands, Ghana, Brazil, and Japan. The author of this thesis conducted all of the interviews in person together with a local interpreter in each country. The four countries were chosen to represent the international diversity in Time Perspectives and the three professional roles provided a sample of the diversity in the level of abstraction of water professionals from theory to practice. The most noteworthy conclusions of the empirical study concern differences in the temporal extent of the goals and events that motivate people. Scientists are motivated by objects that lie furthest into the future followed by managers and then practical workers (Group medians: 8.4; 3.5; 1.7 years). Across national cultures, the time horizons of the Japanese and Brazilian interviewees were found to be longest. The differences across professional roles are greater and more significant than those across countries. But the characteristics of national cultures were found to amplify the differences across professional roles. Within the context of national cultures that were characterized as being most orientated towards the future, for example, scientists had especially long-term Time Perspectives. To map ambiguity in Time Perspectives on a global scale the data from the empirical study was extrapolated and reinterpreted using correlations with national scale cultural dimensions for 22 countries. This theoretical study resulted in an indicator of the potential for intercultural cooperation on wicked problems in water sector worldwide. Brazil, India, and China, countries whose answers to wicked problems in the Water-Energy-Food nexus will be of global importance, are likely to frame problems quite differently from each other but, more importantly, with a longer term vision than recent world powers such as the United States of America, the United Kingdom, and Germany. The conclusions are important because the time horizons considered in planning and setting research agendas influence what problems are perceived, what questions are asked, and what solutions are sought. An important recommendation is to invest more resources in the framing of problems, goals, and questions. This is particularly important for participatory planning and transdisciplinary research where the diversity in Time Perspectives is greatest. Insight into Time Perspectives can be used in planning to define milestones with temporal targets that are most likely to motivate the relevant actors. It is also useful for directing strategic horizon-scanning activities. For setting research agendas it is important to match the Time Perspectives of those who prioritize the questions with the purpose of the research.","foreseeable future; time perspective; planning; water sector; cross-cultural comparison; temporal Extension; agenda setting; framing; problem space; motivation; motivational space; decision making; innovation; interdisciplinary","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Water Management","","","",""
"uuid:7db10a32-747c-4992-8f49-67ba61c74195","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7db10a32-747c-4992-8f49-67ba61c74195","Gebiedsgericht Voorraadbeleid van Woningcorporaties: Een analyse van planningsbenaderingen in Vogelaarwijken","Van Overmeeren, A.J.","Gruis, V.H. (promotor)","2014","Het voorraadbeleid van woningcorporaties is veranderd van een beleid dat vooral gericht is op de woningen, op de primaire doelgroep en op de eigen portefeuille, naar een gebiedsgericht voorraadbeleid dat zich kenmerkt door de samenwerking met andere partijen, de verbreding naar sociale en economische activiteiten en een beleidsonderscheid tussen verschillende gebieden. De besluitvorming over de woningvoorraad is hierdoor complexer geworden. Uit deze studie blijkt dat woningcorporaties een mix van planningsbenaderingen hanteren om te beslissen over hun woningvoorraad in herstructureringswijken. Vooral de rationele en collaboratieve benadering worden gehanteerd, maar ook incrementele, politieke en maatschappelijke elementen worden toegepast. Verschillende factoren hebben invloed op de gehanteerde benadering, zoals de voorgaande planningsbenadering, de fase van het proces en de ontwikkelingen in de context. Met behulp van de uitkomsten van dit onderzoek kunnen woningcorporaties een beter inzicht krijgen in hun voorraadbeleidsproces en kunnen ze dit proces aanpassen zodat ze beter gefundeerde beslissingen nemen ten aanzien van hun woningvoorraad. Hierdoor kunnen ze hun maatschappelijke taak effectiever en efficiënter oppakken.","woningcorporaties; planning; voorraadbeleid","nl","doctoral thesis","A+BE","","","","","","","2014-02-21","Architecture and The Built Environment","Real Estate & Housing","","","",""
"uuid:fc5280fd-27d9-41e1-9b5a-2bc146f1c5ef","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fc5280fd-27d9-41e1-9b5a-2bc146f1c5ef","Coordinated Multi-Agent Planning and Scheduling","Steenhuisen, J.R.","Witteveen, C. (promotor)","2013","","coordination; planning; scheduling","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Computer Science","","","",""
"uuid:e7ed020a-ee53-4010-a14c-4db3ae31a01b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:e7ed020a-ee53-4010-a14c-4db3ae31a01b","Coordinating autonomous planning and scheduling","Yadati Narasimha, C.","Witteveen, C. (promotor)","2013","","coordination; scheduling; planning; decomposition","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software Technology","","","",""
"uuid:11d6c1ba-4f57-4eb3-9999-174915d24ade","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:11d6c1ba-4f57-4eb3-9999-174915d24ade","Public-Private Collaboration: How Private Involvement can Contribute to Network Performance","Leendertse, W.; Lenferink, S.; Arts, J.","","2012","raditionally, in infrastructure planning, private contractors are engaged at the end of the plan development stage on the basis of a request for proposals, after the conceptual design is finished and the main decisions have been made. They are responsible for final engineering and construction and, separately, for maintenance of the infrastructure. The government designs the project and pre-specifies the permitted impact of the design on the transport network and the environment. Early private involvement means that the private sector is involved earlier in the plan development stage and plays a role in the designing process. This can lead to added value for a project, the environment and the network in which the project is situated, ranging from knowledge and expertise, to creativity and commitment.In the Netherlands Rijkswaterstaat is responsible for the network management of the main road and waterway networks. The best way to govern a network is not to disturb it when it is functioning well. However maintenance, refurbishment and extension projects are being executed in Rijkswaterstaat's networks. For effective network governance it is essential to know at an early stage the expected disturbances from project execution, the duration of these disturbances and ways to reduce the disturbances. Early private involvement could potentially deliver this knowledge and help to adjust and to program relations between projects as part of network governance.Several approaches for early private involvement have recently been developed in The Netherlands. In this paper an overview of these approaches will be given along with recent experiences from several cases. The approaches will be compared and discussed with respect to the way they can deliver added value for network governance and the specific conditions needed for this. It can be concluded that if conditions are set right early private involvement might be a useful instrument for delivering network performance.","network governance; infrastructure; project development; early private involvement; collaborative approaches; planning; public-private partnerships; construction market","en","journal article","Elsevier","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","",""
"uuid:9fd478ea-59b6-4c2a-a448-66ed61c18c89","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9fd478ea-59b6-4c2a-a448-66ed61c18c89","Design after decline: How America rebuilds shrinking cities. Brent D. Ryan","Mulder, A.","","2012","","shrinking cities; architecture; planning","en","book","Springer","","","","","","Campus only","2013-10-26","Architecture and The Built Environment","Real Estate & Housing","","","",""
"uuid:6ab61e98-a6da-4044-a1f9-1d4f4064c055","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:6ab61e98-a6da-4044-a1f9-1d4f4064c055","Modelling human and organizational behaviour in a high-risk operation","Sillem, S.; Lin, P.H.; Ale, B.J.M.; Hudson, P.T.W.","","2012","A core part of the risk modelling program for the Oil and Gas industry being carried out at Delft University of Technology is the influence of humans, within an organisation, as well as the technical factors. Specific attention is given to the incentive structure of operators, staff and managers, which in previous models had only been indicated more generally by motivation and conflict resolution. An incentive structure represents an empirical framework for an organisation which characterises the relationship between specific behaviours of employees and the probabilities of receiving various incentives. Most of the scientific literature on incentives is about the formal incentive structure that companies have in place. There are however, many more incentives so that a decision to choose one from several possible courses of action and decide to commit to safety above other personal and organizational goals is certainly influenced by personal safety attitudes, but there are also strong organizational aspects to these influences. Management influences and management actions are considered important in this respect because their actions influence personal safety attitudes to some degree. For instance, personal “need” and “incentives” are factors / motivations that can be coupled with a company’s goals influenced by management influences. Employees who feel they have access to good career development opportunities, or who are praised by managers for doing a good job, are more motivated and more likely to committed to their work. Lin (2008, 2011) studied quantifying the influences of management actions on human performance, expressed through the quality and operation of the management actions. Interviews with personnel serve to uncover which signals are sent by managers and colleagues and how they are received. This paper discusses the different incentive structures identified and describes methods used to uncover and quantify them in a wider risk model.","intention; human behaviour; incentives; self-efficacy; planning","en","conference paper","Curran Associates","","","","","","","","Technology, Policy and Management","Values and Technology","","","",""
"uuid:fd978083-0bfb-4438-87d6-ccd1d81990ba","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:fd978083-0bfb-4438-87d6-ccd1d81990ba","De Westerscheldetunnel: Een succesvol grootschalig transportinfrastructuurproject","De Jong, M.; Annema, J.A.","","2011","De meeste grote projecten falen. De HSL-Zuid en de Noord-Zuidlijn duurden langer om te bouwen dan voorzien en kostten meer dan verwacht. De Betuweroute wordt nog altijd niet zo intensief gebruikt als men verwacht had. De Westerscheldetunnel daarentegen is een succesvol project, in de zin dat het binnen begroting gebouwd is, redelijk op tijd af was en ongeveer evenveel verkeer genereert als van tevoren voorzien is. Daar zijn verschillende oorzaken voor aan te wijzen, waarvan er vier in dit stuk uitgebreid besproken worden. Ten eerste is de tunnel gebouwd door een afzonderlijke projectorganisatie die vormgegeven is als een NV, de NV Westerscheldetunnel, die nog altijd de Westerscheldetunnel beheert. De onafhankelijke projectorganisatie is zo bij machte geweest om zelf inhuur te regelen, grond aan te kopen, eigen procedures en controles in te stellen, zelf externe communicatie te regelen en allerlei beslissingen via korte lijnen te regelen. Mede door de eigen inhuur zelf te kunnen organiseren is men in staat geweest hoogstaande technische en juridische kennis in te huren. Ten tweede heeft men zich goed kunnen verweren tegen de claims die er tegen de NV ingediend zijn vanuit de aannemerscombinatie. Men heeft men ervoor gezorgd dat er een weloverwogen en doordacht contract was, en er goede records waren van alles wat er gebeurde in het project. Ook heeft men er bewust voor gekozen bepaalde risico’s wel bij de aannemer te leggen en anderen niet. De hoge kosten vanwege vervorming van het boorschild zijn daardoor niet bij de NV terechtgekomen, maar bij de aannemer. Ten derde is er uitgebreid risicomanagement gedaan, waaronder een risicoanalyse waarmee in kaart is gebracht welke risico’s er allemaal waren. Van deze risico’s is de kans op optreden geschat en zijn de mogelijke kosten geschat; waar mogelijk is dit gekwantificeerd. Daarnaast zijn beheersmaatregelen genomen, en zijn er maatregelen afgesproken bij het optreden van bepaalde risico’s. Zo heeft men bewust bepaalde risico’s wel en bepaalde risico’s niet genomen. Daarnaast werkte men met een risicodatabase, waar risico’s bijgehouden zijn, zodat men gedurende het gehele proces de risico’s in de gaten heeft kunnen houden. Ten vierde is geluk ook belangrijk. Uiteindelijk is het onmogelijk om risico’s tot nul te reduceren. Er zullen altijd (oncontroleerbare) risico’s blijven. Dit project is zelfs tegen een mogelijke overstroming aangelopen, wat maar net goed afgelopen is. Ook heeft men uiteindelijk geluk gehad met de BTW, die wel over de te verkopen kaartjes gerekend wordt, maar niet over de bouwkosten.","kostenoverschrijdingen; Westerscheldetunnel; succes; planning; begroting; DCM; Westerschelde; succesfactor; tunnel","nl","conference paper","","","","","","","","2011-11-24","Technology, Policy and Management","Infrastructures, Systems and Services","","","",""
"uuid:38b0eaef-2d37-4145-9ea8-545faf1a7c07","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:38b0eaef-2d37-4145-9ea8-545faf1a7c07","Transportation Modelling for Regional Evacuations","Pel, A.J.","Hoogendoorn, S.P. (promotor)","2011","Regional evacuation planning is complex and timely. These planning studies can be assisted by a transportation model. In this thesis, we investigate the requirements for such a model, and develop, implement, and test a new model, called EVAQ, which meets these requirements. Two case studies show how EVAQ can be used to assess the success and robustness of an existing evacuation plan, as well as design an optimal plan anticipating uncertainty in traveller compliance behaviour. The analyses yield a number of practical recommendations to improve evacuation planning.","travel behaviour; evacuation; modelling; planning","en","doctoral thesis","TRAIL Research School","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:a326b279-e15b-46b6-9466-3fc06fc8ebe3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a326b279-e15b-46b6-9466-3fc06fc8ebe3","Teaching for Urbanism: A Didactical Experience in a Newly Academicized Area","Rocco, Roberto; Biggs, M.A.; Buchler, D.M.","","2011","This paper describes a didactical experience in the Masters course of the Department of Urbanism of the Delft University of Technology (The Netherlands) and issues related to the academicization of its curriculum. Although urbanism is a firmly established discipline in many curricula, in The Netherlands it has entered higher education as a practical and vocational discipline from the engineering tradition. The experience of the implementation of a stronger academic approach in such an environment reveals differences in worldviews among practitioners and academics, which result in frictions about the role and the form of academic research in Masters’ education. This is becoming more evident as urbanism is confronted with the need to situate research actions and outcomes in relation to other more established disciplines, for example through research assessments. We have found problems related to a dysfunctional relationship between research claims and research actions, problems with assessment, trans-disciplinary dialogue and other issues common to areas of knowledge and practice recently entering academia. Here we discuss how new courses and requirements were introduced, that aimed to encourage an academic attitude and improve outputs in relation to academic standards, and how this was done by seeking a dialogue between research and design practice. The experience is examined both from the point of view of staff’s expectations and students’ reception.","design and research; academic values and parameters; education; urbanism; planning; design education","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","","Urbanism","","","",""
"uuid:0c7aa928-0dd6-4d52-9ef9-a1568141c3b3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0c7aa928-0dd6-4d52-9ef9-a1568141c3b3","Enabling obstacle avoidance for Google maps' navigation service","Nedkov, S.; Zlatanova, S.","","2011","City infrastructures are sensitive to disasters. To aid rescue workers and citizens, a system is needed which determines the shortest route to a certain location, taking the damages of the infrastructure into account. The biggest disadvantage of current navigation systems is that they are “closed” i.e. they are built on top of commercial software packages and as such are only usable by rescue organizations which own licenses for these software packages. Modern web-technologies provide tools to ease information collection and to facilitate the dissemination of data. Recent successes of crowdsourced platforms such as OpenStreetMap, Ushahidi and Wikipedia, suggest the deployment of the crowdsourcing phenomenon to disaster management. The idea is to let the “crowd” in a disaster area collect information about the state of the infrastructure. People on the street form a highly dispersed network of sensors which is able to provide information in real-time at no cost to the rescue workers. This paper proposes and implements a method for performing shortest path calculations taking crowdsourced information, in the form of constraints and obstacles, into account. The method is built on top of Google Maps (GM) and uses its routing service to calculate the shortest distance between two locations. Users provide the constraints and obstacles in the form of polygons which identify impassable areas in the real world. The A* pathfinding algorithm is used to guide Google's Directions Service around obstacles.","web based; urban; planning; content-based; hazards","en","conference paper","International Society for Photogrammetry and Remote Sensing (ISPRS)","","","","","","","","OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment","OTB Research","","","",""
"uuid:a1e48ac4-5249-44b3-ae05-7bb13951620e","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:a1e48ac4-5249-44b3-ae05-7bb13951620e","Improving institutions for green landscapes in metropolitan areas","Van Rij, H.E.","Korthals Altes, W.K. (promotor); Zevenbergen, J.A. (promotor)","2008","Dutch city dwellers take accessible green areas for granted. They might easily forget that considerable resources and regulations have been applied to protect and improve these areas. This dissertation considers the implications if, in line with the neo-liberalization of the state, this approach changes. A multi-theory approach based on Grounded Theory was developed as a methodological basis to the investigation. The limited applicability of Transaction Cost Theory was also explored. The analysis addresses why in many cases, cross-subsidizing green areas with built developments is not a viable financing solution. It explains why a combination of hierarchical and network-oriented approaches works best in practice. It investigates tensions between strategic spatial planning, operational spatial planning, and operational land development and their consequences for green metropolitan areas. It also explains why ""Slow Planning"" can help to preserve dynamic green areas near cities, and why this requires incremental institutional change.","planning; the Netherlands; green areas; institutions; transaction cost theory; urban containment","en","doctoral thesis","IOS Press","","","","","","","","OTB","","","","",""
"uuid:bc92c43b-322b-4888-bd47-d9a005eb9775","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:bc92c43b-322b-4888-bd47-d9a005eb9775","Determining Resource Needs of Autonomous Agents in Decoupled Plans","Oosterman, J.E.G.; Ravenhorst, R.; Witteveen, C.; Van Leeuwen, P.","","2008","At airports, the turnaround process of aircraft is crucial for a timely and efficient handling of air traffic. During this process, a number of services need to be provided during the time the aircraft is at the gate: e.g., de-boarding, cleaning, catering, fuelling, and boarding. These services are provided by different service providers (agents), who have to coordinate their activities in order to respect the turnaround timeslot, the required service times and existing regulations. These temporal dependencies between services can be planned, but if disruptions occur re-planning is complex and often impossible. For this reason, in previous research a methodology and prototype have been devised to simplify the planning process by decoupling the overall plan into local plans for each agent. This paper builds on this research and introduces an important extension to the existing methodology and prototype: a new algorithm is introduced to take into account the minimal number of resources each service provider will need to accomplish its task.","planning; couping; decoupling; resource needs","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Computer Science","","","",""
"uuid:158f5c7b-5b60-4636-beef-69007efe7986","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:158f5c7b-5b60-4636-beef-69007efe7986","Controlling enigneering-to-order processes in shipbuilding, a model-based approach","Coenen, J.M.G.","Nienhuis, U. (promotor)","2008","Engineering-to-Order processes in shipbuilding are characterised by their results: unique ships built on customer specification. A challenge is the control of such processes: the combination of complex technical solutions, a large quantity of specialist engineers of different parties, highly interrelated âconcurrentâ tasks, continuous exchange of information and also stochastic events make that current planning and management tools do not suffice. This research describes a first exploration in the field of modelling Engineering-to-Order processes, in order to obtain insight in fundamental process behaviour. This with the purpose to improve process control tools in the future. Innovative aspects of this research lie in the following fields: -detailed modelling of abstract engineering processes with their unique features -a fast configuration method for the generation of ship specific process models -integration of process diagrams for representation of models and simulation models -the introduction of simulation-based, stochastic planning in shipbuilding.","engineering-to-order; shipbuilding; simulation; planning; processes","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:73711b2b-2a48-476c-a271-ac9712cbd598","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:73711b2b-2a48-476c-a271-ac9712cbd598","Ruimtelijke inpassing van lijninfrastructuur: Een onderzoek naar de geschiktheid van inspraakreacties voor het beoordelen van lijninfrastructuurontwerpen","Nederveen, A.A.J.","Van der Heijden, R.E.C.M. (promotor)","2007","","infrastructure; planning; design; participation","nl","doctoral thesis","TRAIL Research School","","","","","","","","Technology, Policy and Management","","","","",""
"uuid:62f4868a-7a2e-4e28-aa87-a036915bf55a","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:62f4868a-7a2e-4e28-aa87-a036915bf55a","Intertwining uncertainty analysis and decision-making about drinking water infrastructure","Meijer, H.M.","Thissen, W.A.H. (promotor)","2007","Infrastructures, generally designed to have a long service life, are particularly vulnerable to long term changes that can influence their functioning. Therefore it is important that uncertainties are taken into account as much as possible from the beginning of the planning process of infrastructures. This thesis focuses on drinking water infrastructure. This type of infrastructure is characterized by a long life expectancy. Changes in the supply of materials (for instance source water, energy, space for building underground networks), technology, and demand for the end product can be expected, but are difficult to predict. These changes can lead to high cost for society when they lead to system failure or obsoleteness of the existing infrastructure. The main objective of the research was to answer the following question: Can the identification and handling of uncertainties in the Dutch drinking water infrastructure planning process be improved? And if so, how? To answer this question, first a literature study was performed, which was used as a basis to develop both a descriptive and a normative framework for the analysis of case studies. These frameworks then were used to analyze four case studies ex post. Finally, a workshop was used to discuss the overall results with representatives from the drinking water field. The descriptive framework is based on an approach in which a system is described as well as the influences on that system. These influences can come from external variables that cannot be influenced by a decision-maker and from tactics that a decision-maker can use. The effect of both on the system can be observed in changes in the outcomes of interest that a decision-maker has. The normative framework was developed to evaluate the success of drinking water companies in their efforts to deal with uncertainty. It is based on a causal chain of actions in a planning process that should lead to successfully dealing with uncertainty. It was chosen to use indicators of success within the causal chain as proxies for the overall success of a drinking water company in dealing with uncertainty. For each step in the causal chain a indicator of successfully performing this step was identified. The idea was that if each step is performed well, overall success in dealing with uncertainty will follow. Four cases were studied in retrospect, of which three were recent and one was further in the past. The most important conclusion of the cases was that drinking water companies are very aware of uncertainties and a lot of action is taken to handle them. However, some suggestions can be made to improve the analysis and handling of uncertainties. Firstly, the case studies showed that not all potential critical external influences received the same amount of attention. Political, social en technological considerations were found the most crucial in the cases that were studied. Political and social influences were also found to be most difficult to handle. Secondly, some external influences were recognized in the cases, but were not included in the analysis, because not enough was known about them. For instance in the case of the success of drinking water saving actions this external variable showed to be critical. If this influence would have been considered in more detail maybe other decisions would have been made. Thirdly, the cases showed that assumptions were made more explicit after they had failed. If they had been made more explicit beforehand maybe decisions to change policy could have been made sooner.","uncertainty analysis; drinking water infrastructure; planning","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Technology, Policy and Management","","","","",""
"uuid:ceba2e4a-3cbd-47c9-b74c-b963f760cb5f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ceba2e4a-3cbd-47c9-b74c-b963f760cb5f","Coordinating Planning Agents for Moderately and Tightly-Coupled Tasks","Steenhuisen, J.R.; Witteveen, C.","","2007","","planning; qualitative temporal constraints; coordination","en","conference paper","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software Computer Technology","","","",""
"uuid:8370d5f4-aea9-49cf-b8e8-99b27aeadca5","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:8370d5f4-aea9-49cf-b8e8-99b27aeadca5","Enabling Agility through Coordinating Temporally Constrained Planning Agents","Steenhuisen, J.R.; De Weerdt, M.M.; Witteveen, C.","","2007","In crisis response, hierarchical organizations are being replaced by dynamic assemblies of autonomous agents that promise more agility. However, these autonomous agents might cause a decrease in effectiveness when individually constructed plans for moderately-coupled tasks are not jointly feasible. Existing coordination techniques can be applied in the pre-planning phase to guarantee feasible joint plans for partially-ordered tasks, which allows for human improvisation in the planning phase. Temporal relations in crisis response are often more complex than the simple precedence relations in current work. Therefore, we analyze whether temporal information can be dealt with by a conversion to partially-ordered tasks with only precedence constraints. Time windows and two temporal constraints (overlaps and during) can be rewritten in such a way that the task remains partially-ordered. When other temporal constraints (meets, starts, finishes, and equals) are used, tasks become tightly-coupled, requiring coordination in the execution phase as well. This work shows the applicability of pre-planning coordination as an enabling technology for the effective formation of agile organizations.","multi-agent system; planning; qualitative temporal constraints; coordination","en","conference paper","ISCRAM","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software Computer Technology","","","",""
"uuid:974850a2-4f39-47e6-85d9-f37801561b8d","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:974850a2-4f39-47e6-85d9-f37801561b8d","Plan Repair: A framework and a new heuristic with applications to logistics","Van der Krogt, R.P.J.; De Weerdt, M.M.","","2004","Planning can be a valuable tool for supporting a wide array of real-world problems, such as logistics, manufacturing and control. However, these applications are often highly dynamic, resulting in plans that require updating. In such situations, plan repair methods can be used to adapt the plan. In this paper, we propose a general framework for plan repair. This framework is based on an existing general framework for planning, the so-called refinement planning approach. One of the advantages of a general framework is that it helps to understand existing techniques and improve upon them. As an example of this, we show how we can extend an existing planning method into a system that can also deal with plan repair problems. This system is tested on a number of benchmark problems that deal with abstract transportation problems.","planning; replanning; transport; logistics","en","report","TRAIL Research School","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","Software Computer Technology","","","",""
"uuid:ab53be99-5ea8-4cf4-bf03-cc07f7c306ea","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ab53be99-5ea8-4cf4-bf03-cc07f7c306ea","Clustering of Infrastructure","Willems, J.K.C.A.S.","Sanders, F.M. (promotor); Van der Heijden, R.E.C.M. (promotor)","2001","Bundling or converging infrastructure has been the leading principle for locating infrastructure since the mid seventies. It is assumed to offer certain advantages, such as a restriction of severance, consumption of free space and environmental hindrance. However, the concept of converging infrastructure has not always found its way to practise. In the Netherlands, less than 20 % of the railways and motorways are converged with any other type of major infrastructure. Even in new projects, a non-bundled location alternative is sometimes being preferred. A typical example is the High-Speed-Rail Project. This difference between theory and practise has been the direct inducement for this research. When converging infrastructure, there are a lot of physical construction possibilities. There are 4 criteria by which the construction type of the convergion can be described: (1) the types of infrastructure which are to be bundled, (2) the mutual position to each other, (3) the construction sequence and (4) te position of the bundle in its environment. Within each criterion, a number of discrete types can be derived. Although bundling has been an explicit principle in the planning and construction of new infrastructure since a few decades, infrastructure has been converged for several centuries. A convergion can originate from its own even when it has not been explicitly set out as a starting-point. This is also the case if several infrastructure lines are located using the same general location principles. If two or more lines ale located according to the principle of the direct or straigt line between two points, these lines will be converged automatically. This is essential, because the general location principles and conditions (internal, external and construction conditions) are converging conditions as well. Bundling infrastructure does not cause specific effects, but does have specific characteristics which can influence the extent of the effects. However it is not possible to define this extent exactly in general, because the environmental characteristics (which are variable) are an important factor as well. Nevertheless, converging infrastructure leads to a minor increase of environmental effects in comparison whith the construction of the new infrastructure line. On the other hand, converging infrastructure can cause a negative impact on the direct consumption of free space, the construction cost and flexibility of the infrastructure itself, and the safety aspects. These negative aspects can be solved by applying a suitable physical construction type. Generating of corridors is the only general effect of converging infrastructure. This effect should always be investigated by comparing it with the national policy.","infrastructure; planning; corridor","en","doctoral thesis","Delft University Press","","","","","","","","Trail","","","","",""
"uuid:9dbbf914-53d7-4f8a-8ebb-ee794efef3cd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9dbbf914-53d7-4f8a-8ebb-ee794efef3cd","Werk aan de winkel: Case study Delft","Guyt, P.; Van der Toorn Vrijthoff, W.","","1999","De case studies in het kader van het onderzoek ""Werk aan de Winkel"" zijn bedoeld als locale illustratie bij mogelijke toekomstscenario's. Het gaat daarbij om de vraag, welke verschillende situaties in een gemeente denkbaar zijn bij de twee groeiscenario's en de verschillende consumententypen, zoals die in het hoofd rapport zijn genoemd. Na een beschrijving van het winkelareaal, zijn op basis van een indeling van het winkelareaal in 1995 , en uitgaande van een totaal benodigd winkelareaal in een gemeente in het jaar 2015, verschillende mogelijke verdelingen van het areaal over typen winkelcentra opgesteld, en vervolgens vergeleken met de thans bekende plannen van de gemeente. Daaruit kunnen enkele voorlopige conclusies worden getrokken. Het case study-rapport bevat ook een aantal algemene opmerkingen over uitbreidingen en aanpassingen van winkelcentra, en (on)mogelijkheden om gewenste veranderingen (zoals uitbreidingen en aanpassingen) in winkelcentra door te voeren, alsmede een korte bespreking van belangen en intenties van partijen.","Nederland; planning; winkelcentra","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:4ea4bb80-1282-4799-8dcf-ddbd8a20d7b1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:4ea4bb80-1282-4799-8dcf-ddbd8a20d7b1","Werk aan de winkel: Case study Almere","Guyt, P.; Van der Toorn Vrijthoff, W.","","1999","","Nederland; planning; winkelcentra","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:27fcc4b5-6ade-48c1-83d1-f20ec1e4ce48","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:27fcc4b5-6ade-48c1-83d1-f20ec1e4ce48","Werk aan de winkel: Case study Rotterdam","Guyt, P.; Van der Toorn Vrijthoff, W.","","1999","zijn bedoeld als locale illustratie bij mogelijke toekomstscenario's. Het gaat daarbij om de vraag, welke verschillende situaties in een gemeente denkbaar zijn bij de twee groeiscenario's en de verschillende consumententypen, zoals die in het hoofdrapport zijn ·genoemd. Na een beschrijving van het winkelareaal, zijn op basis van een indeling van het winkelareaal in 1995 , en uitgaande van een totaal benodigd winkelareaal in een gemeente in het jaar 2015, verschillende mogelijke verdelingen van het areaal over typen winkelcentra opgesteld, en vervolgens vergeleken met de thans bekende plannen van de gemeente. Daaruit kunnen enkele voorlopige conclusies worden getrokken. Het case study-rapport bevat ook een aantal algemene opmerkingen over uitbreidingen en aanpassingen van winkelcentra, en (on)mogelijkheden om gewenste veranderingen (zoals uitbreidingen en aanpassingen) in winkelcentra door te voeren, alsmede een korte bespreking van belangen en intenties van partijen. De case studies in het kader van het onderzoek ""Werk aan de Winkel"" hebben de volgende tweeledige doelstelling: toetsing van de ontwikkelde modellen. illustratie bij de kwalitatieve toekomstscenario's. De indeling van het case study-rapport is als volgt: Hoofdstuk 1: Nadere toelichting van kader en doel van de case study. Tevens komt de opzet aan de orde. Hoofdstuk 2: Beschrijving van de huidige situatie aan de hand van beschikbare data, en in het verleden uitgevoerd onderzoek. Hoofdstuk 3: Toelichting op de kwalitatieve toekomstscenario's en de kwantitatieve vertaling daarvan. Hoofdstuk 4: Aangeven van de beperkingen, die voortkomen uit het bestaande vastgoed en de stedenbouwkundige situatie. Hoofdstuk 5: Bespreking van belangen en intenties van partijen. Hoofdstuk 6: Het aangeven van de alternatieven voor Rotterdam op basis van scenario's. Hoofdstuk 7: Het weergeven van een visie op het toekomstig functioneren van het winkelapparaat in Rotterdam.","Nederland; planning; winkelcentra","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:b57e61dd-c5a2-474d-8f17-eaa4793f3127","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:b57e61dd-c5a2-474d-8f17-eaa4793f3127","Werk aan de winkel: Case study Arnhem","Guyt, P.; Van der Toorn Vrijthoff, W.","","1999","","Nederland; planning; winkelcentra","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:d8f7582e-abdf-4f6b-9824-caed5a8ec017","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:d8f7582e-abdf-4f6b-9824-caed5a8ec017","Visie regionaal openbaar vervoer: Advies aan IPO. Deel I: Hoofdrapport","Immers, L.H.; Egeter, B.","","1996","Rapport in opdracht van het Interprovinciaal Overlegorgaan (IPO). Volgens het VERDI-convenant krijgen de Provincies de regie over het regionale integrale verkeers- en vervoerbeleid. Tevens zullen het interlokale openbaar vervoer en de coördinerende rol voor de afstemming tussen het stads- en streekvervoer tot de verantwoordelijkheid van de provincies gaan behoren. In bovenstaand kader is deze studie uitgevoerd, met als doel het ontwikkelen van een ontwerpmethodiek voor regionale openbaar-vervoernetwerken en de toepassing op een aantal cases. De hoofdkenmerken van de ontwikkelde ontwerpmethodiek zijn: - Ontwerp elk stelsel (internationaal, nationaal, regionaal, etc) afzonderlijk; - Kies bij het ontwerpen van een stelsel primair voor een top-down benadering, met een terugkoppeling bottom-up; - Stel in eerste instantie het ideaaltypische netwerk vast, los van de vervoertechniek; confronteer dit netwerk vervolgens met de bestaande infrastructuur; - Bepaal eerst de toegangspunten (haltes/stations) die in het net moeten worden opgenomen en daarna de schakels; - Ontwerp primair op basis van kernenhiërarchie; confronteer dit ontwerp pas in tweede instantie met de potentiële vervoerstromen. De ontwerpmethodiek is toegepast voor het nationale en interregionale netwerk; voor het regionale openbaar vervoer is de methodiek nader uitgewerkt en toegepast op drie voorbeeldgebieden, te weten de Provincies Utrecht, Overijssel en Noord-Holland. In dit hoofdrapport ligt de nadruk op de methodiek. De voorbeelduitwerkingen worden slechts summier behandeld. Voor een volledige behandeling wordt verwezen naar het raport deel II (Voorbeelduitwerkingen).","openbaar vervoer; verkeer; vervoer; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:db696fd9-0db3-447c-ba7e-0c65be959684","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:db696fd9-0db3-447c-ba7e-0c65be959684","Visie regionaal openbaar vervoer: Advies aan IPO. Deel II: Voorbeelduitwerkingen","Immers, L.H.; Egeter, B.","","1996","Rapport in opdracht van het Interprovinciaal Overlegorgaan (IPO). Volgens het VERDI-convenant krijgen de Provincies de regie over het regionale integrale verkeers- en vervoerbeleid. Tevens zullen het interlokale openbaar vervoer en de coördinerende rol voor de afstemming tussen het stads- en streekvervoer tot de verantwoordelijkheid van de provincies gaan behoren. In bovenstaand kader is deze studie uitgevoerd, met als doel het ontwikkelen van een ontwerpmethodiek voor regionale openbaar-vervoernetwerken en de toepassing op een aantal cases. De hoofdkenmerken van de ontwikkelde ontwerpmethodiek zijn: - Ontwerp elk stelsel (internationaal, nationaal, regionaal, etc) afzonderlijk; - Kies bij het ontwerpen van een stelsel primair voor een top-down benadering, met een terugkoppeling bottom-up; - Stel in eerste instantie het ideaaltypische netwerk vast, los van de vervoertechniek; confronteer dit netwerk vervolgens met de bestaande infrastructuur; - Bepaal eerst de toegangspunten (haltes/stations) die in het net moeten worden opgenomen en daarna de schakels; - Ontwerp primair op basis van kernenhiërarchie; confronteer dit ontwerp pas in tweede instantie met de potentiële vervoerstromen. De ontwerpmethodiek is toegepast voor het nationale en interregionale netwerk; voor het regionale openbaar vervoer is de methodiek nader uitgewerkt en toegepast op drie voorbeeldgebieden, te weten de Provincies Utrecht, Overijssel en Noord-Holland. In dit rapport worden uitsluitend de voorbeelduitwerkingen behandeld. Voor de achtergronden en de beschrijving van de methodiek wordt verwezen naar het hoofdrapport (deel I).","openbaar vervoer; verkeer; vervoer; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:65d821bf-32ce-45c0-bbe6-c35220a5021c","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:65d821bf-32ce-45c0-bbe6-c35220a5021c","Kortste route zoeken in hybride netwerken: Een routeplanner voor multimodaal goederenvervoer","Buis, J.","","1996","Afstudeerrapport Faculteit der Civiele Techniek, Vakgroep Infrastructuur. Transportweerstanden bestaan vaak uit tijd- en kostenelementen die tijdstipafhankelijk zijn (dienstregelingen, waterhoogten, venstertijden, etc). De vervoerwijzekeuze in het goederentransport is hiervan sterk afhankelijk. In het afstudeerontwerp is een model ontwikkeld om optimale alternatieven te zoeken in het tijd-ruimte-domein van multimodale transportnetwerken. Met dit model is voor de relatie Dortmund-Cambridge onderzocht hoe de water-alternatieven (zeeriviervaart/ kustvaart/binnenvaart) attractiever kunnen worden gemaakt door aanpassing van tijdstipafhankelijke factoren.","goederenvervoer; goederendistributie; planning; wiskundige modellen","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:3a62b38f-6034-4409-bea9-dee0f9fddb39","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:3a62b38f-6034-4409-bea9-dee0f9fddb39","Problem-directed Decomposition of Bayesian Belief Networks","van de Stadt, E.C.","Backer, E. (promotor)","1995","","Bayesian belief networks; efficient inference/Bayesian belief networks; planning","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Electrical Engineering, Mathematics and Computer Science","","","","",""
"uuid:137e4f0e-1b40-4336-9369-8ad3b99f90e3","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:137e4f0e-1b40-4336-9369-8ad3b99f90e3","Optimalisatie goederenvervoer. Deel 2: Optimalisatie van het logistieke proces d.m.v. verbetering laadproces","Schmitz, M.W.J.","","1993","In het buiktransport van chemicaliën, zijn de activiteiten laden en lossen van relatief groot belang binnen de totale logistieke keten. Enerzijds nemen deze activiteiten relatief veel tijd in beslag en anderzijds vertonen de laad- en lostijden vaak een grote spreiding en zijn ze moeilijk ""voorspelbaar"". Dit heeft tot gevolg dat de kans op verstoringen in het rituitvoeringsproces (discrepanties tussen de ritplanning en de rituitvoering) groot is. Het is in principe mogelijk om, door veranderingen aan te brengen in het laad- en losproces, zowel de spreiding in laad- en lostijden te verkleinen alsmede de voorspelbaarheid van de laad- en lostijden te vergroten en daarmee de kans op verstoringen in het (verdere) rituitvoeringsproces te verminderen. Het laad- of losproces is echter niet een op zichzelf staande activiteit, maar vormt een onlosmakelijk onderdeel van een groter en complexer logistiek proces. Dit betekent dat bij ingrepen in het laad- of losproces goed gelet zal moeten worden op de invloed op de planningsmogelijkheden voor de vervoerder(s) en op de verstoringen van de verdere rituitvoering. Onderzocht is welke elementen een beslissing ondersteunend systeem zou moeten bevatten dat een antwoord kan geven op de vraag welke strategie voor het laadproces toegepast moet worden om een efficiënter logistiek proces te verkrijgen. Globaal kunnen de volgende elementen genoemd worden: een analyse instrument voor het verkrijgen van kentallen, een simulatie instrument, een (taktisch) ritplanningsysteem en een evaluatieinstrument.","Nederland; goederenvervoer; optimalisatie; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:428214f9-95b5-4d39-b784-a0bb163a175b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:428214f9-95b5-4d39-b784-a0bb163a175b","Optimalisatie goederenvervoer. Deel 3: Ritplanning in het Pick-Up and Delivery vervoer","Schmitz, M.W.J.","","1993","Voor het efficiënt vervoeren van goederen is het noodzakelijk dat er vooraf een goed ritplan wordt opgesteld. Hoewel er verschillende ritplanningsystemen op de markt zijn, blijft het gebruik van deze systemen achter bij de verwachtingen. Belangrijke oorzaken voor het achterblijvende gebruik zijn onder meer de grote diversiteit van ritplanningsproblemen en de matige resultaten van de eerste generaties planningsystemen. Een bijkomend probleem met betrekking tot het Pick-Up and Delivery vervoer is dat voor dit vervoertype nauwelijks planningsystemen zijn ontwikkeld. Het doel van deze studie was dan ook te onderzoeken of er mogelijkheden aanwezig zijn een planningsysteem voor dit type vervoer te ontwikkelen. Op basis van de karakteristieken van het Pick-Up and Delivery vervoer en de wijze waarop de planning in dit type vervoer wordt uitgevoerd, zijn een aantal voorwaarden geschetst waaraan een planningsysteem voor dit type vervoer moet voldoen om een kans van slagen te hebben. De belangrijkste voorwaarden zijn een grote mate van gebruikersvriendelijkheid en flexibiliteit. Tenslotte is getracht aan te geven op welke wijze een tweetal bestaande algoritmes voor het distributieve vervoer (savings algoritme en Set Partitioning) aangepast kunnen worden aan de kenmerken en eisen van het Pick-Up and Delivery vervoer.","Nederland; goederenvervoer; optimalisatie; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:0a229e4c-efdc-4a06-a456-7ddfa060a104","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0a229e4c-efdc-4a06-a456-7ddfa060a104","Optimalisatie goederenvervoer. Deel 1: Terugkoppeling van ritgegevens t.b.v. een betrouwbare ritplanning","Schmitz, M.W.J.","","1993","In het goederenvervoer over de weg is de laatste jaren een belangrijke verandering waarneembaar. Lag vroeger de nadruk in het vervoer en in de planning voornamelijk op het kostenaspect van het vervoer (minimalisatie van de transportkosten), tegenwoordig ligt de nadruk steeds meer op het tijdsaspect van het vervoer (betrouwbaarheid, JIT). Om een betrouwbare rituitvoering te kunnen garanderen, is het noodzakelijk dat vooraf een betrouwbare ritplanning wordt gemaakt. Een 100 % betrouwbare ritplanning is in principe alleen te realiseren indien de planner de beschikking heeft over de exacte tijdsduur van de activiteiten welke tijdens de rit uitgevoerd moeten worden. De benodigde tijd heeft echter een stochastisch karakter heeft, waardoor een discrepantie kan ontstaan tussen de ritplanning en rituitvoering. Om een hogere betrouwbaarheid te kunnen bereiken, zal in de planning met het stochastische karakter van de tijden rekening moeten worden gehouden. De hiervoor benodigde gegevens (gemiddelde en spreiding van de benodigde tijden per activiteit), kunnen bepaald worden op basis van gegevens vanuit de rituitvoering. Deze terugkoppeling kan geschieden door gebruik te maken van ritregistratieapparatuur in combinatie met bijv. ritlijsten. Bij de terugkoppeling van gegevens vanuit de rituitvoering naar de ritplanning moet de kanttekening geplaatst worden dat terugkoppeling niet voor elk type vervoer en elk type planning even relevant is en dat veel aandacht besteed zal moeten worden aan de implementatie van het systeem.","Nederland; goederenvervoer; optimalisatie; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:cb1c8fdf-1a80-4beb-9c0c-8284f62500fc","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:cb1c8fdf-1a80-4beb-9c0c-8284f62500fc","Plan generation for flexible assembly systems","Boneschanscher, N.","Reijers, L.N. (promotor)","1993","","flexible assembly; industrial robots; planning","en","doctoral thesis","","","","","","","","","Mechanical Maritime and Materials Engineering","","","","",""
"uuid:08bda336-9ada-4463-a449-b1c655833014","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:08bda336-9ada-4463-a449-b1c655833014","ARGUS, een metropolitaan vervoerstelsel in de Randstad: Ontwerp en vervoerprognose","Schoemaker, T.J.H.; Egeter, B.; Van Goeverden, C.D.","","1993","Rapport in opdracht van Overleg Ruimtelijke Investeringen (ORI). ARGUS is een stelsel van zeer snelle en frequente treinverbindingen tussen de vier grote steden in de Randstad en Schiphol. Het kan gekarakteriseerd worden als een metropolitaan stelsel, bedoeld voor verplaatsingsafstanden van interregionaal niveau, doch met snelheden die normaliter slechts voorkomen op veel langere afstanden en een frequentie die -normaliter slechts voorkomt op veel kortere afstanden. De stations Amsterdam CS, Rotterdam CS, Den Haag CS, Utrecht CS en Schiphol vormen de primaire knooppunten van het ARGUS-stelsel. Alleen aan de randen van de grote steden zijn enkele zeer belangrijke nevencentra secundaire knooppunten toegevoegd. Met de realisering van ARGUS wordt beoogd voorwaarden te scheppen voor de ontwikkeling van de Randstad tot een meerkernige metropool, waarbij deze kernen niet onderling concurrerend doch complementair zijn. Uitgangspunt is dat de internationale concurrentiepositie van zo'n samengebundelde Randstad veel groter zal zijn van de van de afzonderlijke hoofdkernen tezamen. Door ARGUS wordt niet alleen de attractie van de hoofdkernen als vestigingsplaats voor activiteiten vergroot, doch wordt tegelijk die van het groene hart verkleind.","Nederland; openbaar vervoer; planning","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","Transport and Planning","","","",""
"uuid:9e38dd30-1532-486d-8bd6-551efc25ad1f","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:9e38dd30-1532-486d-8bd6-551efc25ad1f","Sturingssystemen voor infrastructuur en mobiliteit; naar een onderzoeksagenda","Louw, E.; Nijkmap, P.; Priemus, H.","","1991","","planning; transportbehoefte; verkeers-infrastructuur; verkeersonderzoek","en","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","OTB Research Institute for the Built Environment","","","","",""
"uuid:333aa7d8-1266-4a44-8f3e-7ae19038139b","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:333aa7d8-1266-4a44-8f3e-7ae19038139b","Beoordeling van vorm","Van Duin, L.; Graafland, A.D.","","1991","","planning; geschiedenis; stedebouw","nl","book","Publikatieburo Bouwkunde","","","","","","","","Architecture","Architecture","","","",""
"uuid:ee437497-e1fc-497e-a494-7eefe18cac11","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:ee437497-e1fc-497e-a494-7eefe18cac11","De Achterhoek gepasseerd?: Het belang van RW845/841, Apeldoorn-Zutphen-Winterswijk, voor de economische ontwikkeling van de regio","De Boer, E.; Salverda, J.","","1989","Studie in opdracht van Rijkswaterstaat Directie Gelderland, Afdeling Planstudie en Verkeerszaken. Een studie van de economische aspecten van een wegverbinding dient verband te leggen tussen de economische ontwikkeling van het doorsneden gebied, de aanwezige infrastructuur en de gewenste infrastructuurverbetering. In hoofdstuk twee van dit rapport wordt de huidige situatie besproken, hierin wordt ook aandacht besteed aan de ligging van bedrijventerreinen, detailhandelsconcentraties en aan de toeristische waarde van het gebied. In de regionale economie wordt aan infrastructuur en de ontwikkeling ervan een grote betekenis toegekend. Het is van belang een aantal theorieën te noemen, om de studie in een kader te plaatsen en algemene lijnen te herkennen. De effecten van infrastructuur op de regionaal-economische ontwikkeling kunnen tijdelijk of blijvend zijn. Ook wordt er vaak onderscheid gemaakt tussen directe en indirecte effecten. In hoofdstuk drie wordt aan deze zaken beknopt aandacht geschonken. De hoofdstukken vier en vijf geven een inzicht in de economische ontwikkeling van Oost-Gelderland. Er wordt extra aandacht aan de transportsector besteed omdat die bij uitstek belang heeft bij een adequate infrastructuur. De economische beschrijving van het gebied gevoegd bij de huidige stand van zaken op de verbinding leidt tot een aantal ideeën hoe de wegvakken kunnen worden aangepast (of niet) om de bestaande economische structuur zo goed mogelijk uit te buiten en ruimte te maken voor ontwikkelingen in de toekomst. Dit komt in hoofdstuk zes aan de orde. Het hoofdstuk eindigt met een aantal reële aanbevelingen.","Nederland; planning; infrastructuur","nl","report","Delft University of Technology, Faculty Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","","","","","Civil Engineering and Geosciences","","","","",""
"uuid:aa998bc9-3c90-4b65-b3d2-7b015e9824c1","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:aa998bc9-3c90-4b65-b3d2-7b015e9824c1","Planning onder druk: Een onderzoek naar de inhoud en de totstandkoming van de provinciale en grootstedelijke plannen voor bejaardenoorden","Van den Ham, C.; Jansen, J.; Klijn, E.H.","","1988","","bejaardentehuizen; planning; bejaardenhuisvesting; beleid","nl","book","Publikatieburo Bouwkunde","","","","","","","","Architecture","Real Estate & Housing","","","",""
"uuid:49e51119-60f2-41ce-becf-9ee8532cbbfd","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:49e51119-60f2-41ce-becf-9ee8532cbbfd","Rijkswegentracering: Coordinatie van meersporige besluitvorming","Duenk, F.H.J.; Hobma, F.A.M.","","1987","De planning en uitvoering van diverse sectorale projecten verloopt in Nederland dikwijls moeizaam. Deze planning wordt veelal gekenmerkt door kleinere en grotere (beleids)conflicten tussen sectoraal gerichte overheden en overheden die zich bezighouden met ruimtelijk facetbeleid; alsmede tussen overheden, belangengroeperingen en burgers. De bovengeschetste situatie wordt momenteel van velerlei zijde als hoogst onbevredigend ervaren. Vandaar dat van overheidswege onderzoek naar een verbetering van de afstemming en de cöordinatie tussen sector en facet wordt gëentameerd. In het kader van dergelijk onderzoek geeft dit rapport de resultaten weer van twee case-studies inzake de juridisch-planologische voorbereiding van de realisering van rijkswegen. De voor deze realisering relevante sector-en facetprocedures worden naar hun aard, tijdsbeslag en onderlinge wisselwerking beschreven. Daarnaast worden optredende conflicten en daaruit voortvloeiende projectvertragingen gesignaleerd. Tenslotte worden enige aanzetten gegeven ter verbetering van de afstemming tussen sectorale en facetmatige procedures, teneinde de afwikkeling van rijkswegenprojecten op een snellere, soepelere en voor alle betrokken partijen bevredigende wijze te kunnen laten verlopen.","Nederland; wegennet; planning; overheidsbeleid","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Delft University of Technology","","","","",""
"uuid:1960f416-4143-48dd-bb41-fe47c7c1c5db","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:1960f416-4143-48dd-bb41-fe47c7c1c5db","De start van een nieuw winkelcentrum","Gantvoort, J.T.; Guyt, P.","","1985","Een eerste, verkennende studie over het functioneren van het winkelcentrum ""Oosterhof"" te Rotterdam.","planning; verkeersprognoses; winkelcentra","nl","book","Delftse Universitaire Pers","","","","","","","","Architecture","","","","",""
"uuid:7b486b64-e70b-459d-8c16-13d4f4f8f7b4","http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:7b486b64-e70b-459d-8c16-13d4f4f8f7b4","Het stedelijk plan: Staat, stad en stedelijke planning","Wigmans, G.","","1982","De Universiteiten en Technische Hogescholen leveren steeds meer akademici die hun beroepspraktijk overwegend uitoefenen in beleidsorganen van gemeenten, provincies en centrale overheid. Dit gaat vooral op voor degenen die planologie, stedebouw, volkshuisvesting, en in mindere mate voor degenen die sociale geografie, sociologie en dergelijke hebben gestudeerd.","stadsanalyse; stedelijke; planning","nl","book","Delft University Press","","","","","","","","Architecture","Real Estate & Housing","","","",""