An efficient fluid–structure interaction model for optimizing twistable flapping wings

Spanwise twist can dominate the deformation of flapping wings and alters the aerodynamic performance and power efficiency of flapping wings by changing the local angle of attack. Traditional Fluid–Structure Interaction (FSI) models, based on Computational Structural Dynamics (CSD) and Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD), have been used to...

Multiple patterning with process optimization method for maskless DMD-based grayscale lithography

We report a multiple patterning approach utilizing digital-micromirror-device (DMD)-based grayscale lithography, providing a solution to improve fabrication accuracy for entire target three-dimensional structure. Because DMD-based lithography system consists a projection lens system, better resolution can be obtained around focal position...

Optimization methods for 3D lithography process utilizing DMD-based maskless grayscale photolithography system

Digital Micromirror Device (DMD)-based grayscale lithography is a promising tool for three dimensional (3D) microstructuring of thick-film photoresist since it is a maskless process, provides possibility for the free-form of 3D microstructures, and therefore rapid and cost-effective microfabrication. However, process parameter determination...