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van der Vaart, J.A.J. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Diakite, A.A. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Hakim, Amir (author)Although level of detail (LoD) is a central concept in 3D city modelling, specifying different LoDs in an unambiguous manner is not straightforward. To resolve this, a set of frameworks have been developed. This paper evaluates the suitability of the LoD framework of (Biljecki et al. 2016) for 3D building models that have been generated directly...conference paper 2024
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Hakim, Amir (author), van der Vaart, J.A.J. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The integration of 3D city models and Building Information Models (BIM) in the context of GeoBIM has gained significant attention from both academia and industry. Harmonizing the distinct characteristics and goals of these models is crucial for successful integration. In this paper, we present the development of a plugin for Autodesk Revit, a...conference paper 2024
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Labetski, A. (author), Vitalis, S. (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Urban morphology is important in a broad range of investigations across the fields of city planning, transportation, climate, energy, and urban data science. Characterising buildings with a set of numerical metrics is fundamental to studying the urban form. Despite the rapid developments in 3D geoinformation science, and the growing 3D data...journal article 2022
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Vitalis, S. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Level of Detail (LoD) is a well known concept in 3D city models, used to designate different geometric detail that can be used in different applications. Nevertheless, multi-LoD datasets are hard to maintain and manage because of their intrinsic complexity. Versioning is a solution that aids in the storage and management of big and complex...journal article 2022
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Noardo, F. (author), Wu, T. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)To support building permit issuing with automatic digital tools, the reuse of models produced by designers would make the process quicker and more objective. However, current studies and pilots often leave a gap with respect to the models as actually provided by architects, having varying quality and content. In this study, rather than taking...journal article 2022
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Tufan, Ö (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), León Sánchez, C.A. (author), Agugiaro, G. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)3D city models are frequently used to acquire and store energy-related information of buildings for energy applications. In this context, CityGML is the most common data model, and the Energy ADE, one of its most complex extensions, provides a systematic way of storing detailed energy-related data in XML format. Contrarily, even though...journal article 2022
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Hobeika, N. (author), van Liempt, J.N.H. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Municipalities invest a lot of time and person-hours into manual building permit checks. With the increase in computational power and the use of Building Information Models (BIM) in the building design life cycle, several municipalities are investing in automating these checks using BIM and geo-data sets. However, few examples exist of tools...journal article 2022
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Krijnen, T.F. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)In this chapter, we start from the typical concepts from Geographic Information System (GIS): data representation, acquisition, querying and analysis. We follow with the transition from 2 to 3D GIS and describe open standards such as CityGML and CityJSON and recent advances on 3D geospatial simulations, computing and real-time GIS and...book chapter 2022
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Noardo, F. (author)The concept of the digital twin has been gaining significant momentum in the geospatial domain since 2016. Although there is some consensus on the basic features of a digital twin, some critical reflection is still necessary to make the concept tangible. Only then can the digital twin be implemented as a technical solution that scales to real...journal article 2021
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Noardo, F. (author)De term Digital Twin wordt op allerlei manieren gebruikt sinds dit concept een aantal jaren geleden haar intrede deed in het geodomein als veelbelovende technologie om grote maatschappelijke opgaven en omgevingsvraagstukken op te lossen. Hoewel er consensus bestaat over de basisfunctionaliteiten van een Digital Twin, is het risico van de...journal article 2021
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Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Industry Foundation Classes (IFC) is a complete, wide and complex open standard data model to represent Building Information Models. Big efforts are being made by the standardization organization buildingSMART, to develop and maintain this standard in collaboration with researchers, companies and institutions. However, when trying to use IFC...journal article 2021
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Noardo, F. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Salheb, Nebras (author), van Liempt, J.N.H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)Industry Foundation Classes (IFC), the buildingSMART open standard for BIM, is underused with respect to its promising potential, since, according to the experience of practitioners and researchers working with BIM, issues in the standard’s implementation and use prevent its effective use. Nevertheless, a systematic investigation of these...journal article 2021
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Krijnen, T.F. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Ledoux, H. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The Industry Foundation Classes are a prevalent open standard to exchange Building Information Models. In such a model, geometric representations are provided for individual building elements along with semantic information, including a significant amount of properties related togeometry and explicit topological relationships. These...conference paper 2020
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Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author), Ellul, C (author), Harrie, L (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Agugiaro, G. (author), Kokla, M. (author)In both research and practice, data interoperability is considered essential to support a rising number of applications that need data from different domains. Therefore, standard data formats and models are developed by standardization organizations such as Open Geospatial Consortium (for the Geo domain)<br/>and buildingSMART (for the BIM domain...report 2020
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Salheb, N. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The trend of increased usage of both BIM and 3D GIS and the similarity between the two has led to an increase in the overlap between them. A key application of such overlap is providing geospatial context data for BIM models through importing 3D GIS-data to BIM software to help in different design-related issues. However, this is currently...journal article 2020
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Dukai, B. (author), Labetski, A. (author), Kumar, Kavisha (author), Vitalis, S. (author), Ledoux, H. (author)Semantically enriched 3D city models have the potential to be powerful hubs of integrated information for computer-based urban spatial analysis. This article presents the state of the art in 3D city modelling in the context of broader developments such as smart cities and digital twins, and outlines six challenges that must be overcome before 3D...journal article 2020
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Stoter, J.E. (author), Noardo, F. (author), Wu, T. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author)Gedetailleerde modellen van gebouwen (BIM) worden als waardevol gezien in combinatie met geo-data. Met behulp van virtuele modellen van nieuwe gebouwen (of delen ervan) kan de impact van scenario’s worden doorgerekend op bijvoorbeeld energie, geluid of wind. Al tijdens de ontwerpfase kan rekening worden gehouden met planologische beperkingen,...journal article 2020
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Noardo, F. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, Filip (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), van Liempt, J.N.H. (author), Vitalis, S. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)OGC CityGML is an open standard for 3D city models intended to foster interoperability and support various applications. However, through our practical experience and discussions with practitioners, we have noticed several problems related to the implementation of the standard and the use of standardized data. Nevertheless, a systematic...journal article 2020
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Vitalis, S. (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)When QGIS 3.0 was released in 2018, it added support for 3D visualisation. At the same time, CityJSON has been developing as an easy‐to‐use JavaScript Object Notation (JSON) encoding for 3D city models using the CityGML 2.0 data model. Together, this opened the possibility to support semantic 3D city models in the popular open‐source GIS...journal article 2020
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Noardo, F. (author), Harrie, Lars (author), Arroyo Ohori, G.A.K. (author), Biljecki, F. (author), Ellul, Claire (author), Krijnen, T.F. (author), Eriksson, Helen (author), Guler, Dogus (author), Hintz, Dean (author), Stoter, J.E. (author)The integration of 3D city models with Building Information Models (BIM), coined as GeoBIM, facilitates improved data support to several applications, e.g., 3D map updates, building permits issuing, detailed city analysis, infrastructure design, context-based building design, to name a few. To solve the integration, several issues need to be...journal article 2020