Integrated, adaptive and machine learning approaches to estimate the ghost wavefield of seismic data

In exploration geophysics, seismic measurements are used to obtain information about the subsurface. A large proportion of these measurements take place in oceans, seas and lakes, where the sources and the receivers are generally located somewhere between the water bottom and the water surface during data acquisition. The sources emit an...

Optimising marine seismic acquisition: Source encoding in blended acquisition and target-oriented acquisition geometry optimisation

Seismic data acquisition is a trade-off between cost and data quality subject to operational constraints. Due to budget limitations, 3D seismic acquisition usually does not have a dense spatial sampling in all dimensions. This causes artefacts in the processed images, velocity models, or other physical properties. However, we rely on, for...

Optimization of blending and spatial sampling in seismic acquisition design

The quality and business aspects are both of particular importance in determining the type of seismic acquisition. Usually, a strong emphasis on cost reduction is inevitable. On the other hand, there is an increasing demand for the acquisition of high-quality seismic data that can contribute to the various stages in the field development profile...

Automated seismic survey design and dispersed source array acquisition

Reflection seismology is nowadays the preferred technique in the oil and gas industry to estimate the properties of the Earth's subsurface. The method typically includes a series of procedures that fit in three broad categories: • seismic data acquisition; • data processing and imaging; • interpretation and reservoir characterization.<br/><br/>...

Underwater detection, classification and localisation: Improving the capabilities of towed sonar arrays

The end of the Cold War and the collapse of the Warsaw pact have resulted in a change of operational theatre for the naval forces of the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation (NATO). In particular, the focus of Anti Submarine Warfare forces has shifted from tracking Soviet nuclear ballistic missile submarine in the deep waters of the Atlantic ocean...

Model-based, acoustic subbottom classification: Theory and application

Assessment of 3-D seismic acquisition geometries by focal beam analysis