Estimating ammonia emissions using an adjoint-free 4D-Var approach: Using data assimilation to combine the LOTOS-EUROS model with LML and synthetic IRS satellite observations

Ammonia (NH3) is an important chemical compound in the nitrogen cycle. Ammonia is an essential nutrient and an important part of fertilizer, which in soil leads to increased growth of crops. However, the current excess of NH3 emissions is a hazard to environmental and human health. While ammonia<br/>emissions need to be reduced, the emission...