The Effects of Annual Extreme Weather Conditions on the Exchange Flows between Lake Bardawil and the Mediterranean Sea

Lake Bardawil is a hypersaline, shallow coastal lagoon located along the coast of the northern Sinai Peninsula in Egypt. Coastal systems are understood to be hypersaline when the salinity exceeds values of 30 parts per thousand throughout the year.<br/>Being located in the arid climate region of North Africa the lagoon is subject to year-round...

The effects of forelands on embankment breaching in coastal and river regions

Embankments are one of the key aspects of flood protection programs. As the sea levels are expected to rise the coming decades coastal protection is becoming increasingly important. To better prepare for the future, increased understanding of embankment breaching is desired. An area of embankment breaching that has been relatively left untouched...

Oyster broodstock structure: On the design of oyster broodstock structures for nature enhancement in offshore wind farms

Over the recent years, the Dutch Continental Shelf has seen the erection of various wind farms in an effort to counter climate change by replacing fossil-based power plants. Since the majority of these sites use scour protections which have a substantial impact on the surroundings, the Dutch government increasingly stimulates and requires...

Natural coastal structures to restore eroding mangrove-mud coasts

Degrading mangrove forests and coinciding erosive coastlines is an urgent global concern. Mangroves are essential for their interaction with hydrodynamic and sediment processes at mangrove-mud coasts. Earlier on, solutions were sought in building ’hard’ structures, such as concrete sea walls, to lower incoming wave energy and enhance...

Analysis of the Interannual Variability of the Amazon-Orinoco River Plume: and its effects on Sea Surface Temperatures in the Caribbean Sea

TheAmazon-Orinoco river plume is a buoyant freshwater lens of 1.2 × 10⁶km², which has been traced over 2000 km from the Amazon river mouthinto the Caribbean Sea and along the Lesser Antilles. The river plume iswarmer than the surrounding open-ocean waters, with temperaturedifferences up to 1.5 ∘C caused...

Shellfish as a protection of revetments: A case study in the Port of Rotterdam

The main objective of this thesis is to increase the understanding of the effect of shellfish presence on the stability of loose rock revetments and to investigate the possibilities in the design. Pacific oyster (Crassostrea gigas) and blue mussel (Mytilus edulis) presence on loose rock revetments was quantified. C. gigas and M. edulis are...

Modelling of hydrodynamic and erosion processes at vegetated lake shores: Development of a process-based tool for the design of the protection of a lake shore with reed-like vegetation

In recent years, the interest in integrating shore protection with the local ecosystems has increased. In comparison with the traditional reinforced embankments, integrated shores form a gradual transition from land to water where shore vegetation can establish itself. These nature-friendly shores have a positive impact upon the water quality,...

Fine Sediment Pathways and Connectivity in San Francisco South Bay

Introduction <br/>San Francisco Bay is one of the largest estuaries of the US Pacific Coast with an area of 4000 km2. It consists of two hydrologically distinctive sub-embayments North Bay and South Bay. South Bay is unique as it does not experience the freshwater flushing typical for estuaries. It experiences the largest freshwater input during...

Using small scale morphological features on estuarine tidal flats as indicators for large scale morphological shape and development

Intertidal flats and salt marshes can protect hinterland against wave energy and flooding by tides or storm surges. Thus, the development of tidal flats is important to foresee. The presence of specific small scale features could indicate a certain development and large scale morphological shape. The shape is a predictor for development and it...