Local Referendums for Urban Area Development: How public value conflicts contribute to the design and decision-making

Local referendums are part of the local democracy and give citizens more direct discission power by their votes.The instrument can be used by the citizens to express their resistance towards the municipal plans or used by the municipality to consult their citizens about their plans. In the Netherlands, local referendums are despite their non...

Unsolicited & Welcome: An inquiry into the desirability and feasibility of Unsolicited Proposals in Dutch urban area development

Traditionally, municipalities in the Netherlands have been taking a dominant and leading role in the urban area development. Currently, the municipalities pursue more often a facilitating and passive role, and prefer to utilize market resources and capabilities. The lack of municipal resources, stacking complexity of the objectives and...