Four Clusters o fThought on Flood Resilience and Climate Adaptation: The state of the art and new directions for spatial planning

The need to respond to increasing flood risk, climate change, and rapid urban development has shaped innovative policies and practices of spatial planning in many countries over recent decades. As an instrumental–technical intervention, planning is mainly used to improve the physical environment (through concepts such as regulating waterproof...

Metropolitan Landscape: Definition, Mapping, and Governance

This chapter revisits the most significant international definitions of the metropolitan landscape. It shows methods of mapping and measuring the metropolitan landscape, most of them developed at TU Delft. Additionally, it discusses one of the tools that can be used to develop the metropolitan landscape and reflect on its qualities and...

Multi-Level and Multi-Actor Governance: Why it matters for spatial planning

This chapter sheds light on how planning is affected by multi-level (vertical) governance relations that shape an enabling environment for planning decisions and multi-actor (horizontal) governance aspects which are crucial for integrating planning with other policy agendas and effectively engaging citizens and other stakeholders in decision...

(Re)-positioning Spatial Planning History and Historiography

Since its emergence in the 19th century, modern spatial planning has served as a tool to address public health issues, to organise infrastructure, or to structure cities and landscapes. Throughout this period, planning has been both praised and challenged by the different actors involved. Governments and corporations have historically used...