European Production of Biofuels for the Maritime Industry: A MILP optimization of biofuel supply chains to minimize costs and emissions for the first phase of the Energy Transition

The maritime industry has long relied on oils and heavy fuels as main energy carriers. The shipping sector still accounts for an important 2.5% of global greenhouse gas emissions. On top of this, current industry fuels contain high levels of sulfur and release nitrogen oxides upon combustion, which both can be extremely harmful to local...