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de Vet, Joran (author)Muscle-driven simulations performed with a musculoskeletal model of the human upper-extremity need to include closed-loop kinematics to capture the limb's full mobility and model the actions of thoracoscapular muscles. On the OpenSim platform, a single upper-extremity model with closed-loop kinematics is available: the thoracoscapular shoulder...master thesis 2021