September Melt at the Summit in Greenland: An Attribution Study of the September 2022 Extreme Melt Event and a Projection of Future Events

In September 2022, Greenland experienced an extraordinary late-season melt event, characterized by temperatures exceeding the melting point at Summit Station for the first time on record and surface melt appearing across one-third of the ice-sheet. This thesis investigates extreme melt events at the Summit in Greenland, focusing on the...

Land Cover Change and Hydroclimatic Deviation: A Detailed Examination within the Budyko Framework

Predicting streamflow in a changing climate poses significant challenges for traditional hydrological models. Static parameter sets result from model calibrations over historical data that increasingly encounter the non-stationary impacts on the hydrological system. Endeavouring toward non-stationary model parameters by incorporating time...

Impact Of Shallow Convective Momentum Transport On Large-Scale Dynamics: Aquaplanet-Model Comparison Project

In the tropics, the character of the trade-winds is decisive for setting convergence and the large-scale circulation. Nevertheless, the vertical transport of momentum by shallow convection (SCMT) and yet its impact on trade- winds has not been investigated in depth yet. With this study, we aim to contribute in understanding the isolated effect...

Atmospheric River Precipitation Attribution in Reanalysis Data and Comparison with ICESat-2 Altimetry Observations in Antarctica

Atmospheric rivers transport 90% of all atmospheric moisture in the mid-to-high latitudes, while covering only 10% of the Earth’s surface at any given time. Atmospheric rivers occur infrequently, and atmospheric river frequency in the polar areas is especially low, but they can have a large impact on the cryosphere when they make landfall. They...

The importance of Atlantic Water pathways for understanding glacier discharge in Northwest Greenland

It is well known that warming of deep Atlantic Water in recent decades resulted in extensive retreat of marine terminating glaciers in Northwest Greenland and increased their discharge, which contributed significantly to sea level rise. Here we use data and model resources over a wide range of space and timescales to determine how the pathways...

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation under Climate Forcing: An Analysis of the Community Earth System Model

The Atlantic Meridional Overturning Circulation (AMOC) is a key component in the Earth System. Given its important role in the climate system, variability in the AMOC strength is expected to have great impact on the global climate. The current observational timeseries are not long enough to make climate projections for the end of the century or...

Effects of Climate Change on Runoff Dynamics of Alpine Catchments

Hydrological regimes of alpine catchments are expected to be strongly influenced by climate change due to their dependence on snow dynamics. While seasonal changes have been studied extensively, studies on changes in the timing and magnitude of annual extremes remain rare. This study investigates the effects of climate change on runoff patterns...

The aftermath of multiyear droughts: A case study in Australia

In this report the hydrological response to multiyear droughts has been researched. Long-term droughts have resulted in an increase in tree die-off in affected areas. As the hydrological response is related to the vegetation in a catchment, it is of interest to find out whether catchment response regarding rainfall-runoff is different after a...

Multi-proxy analysis of the sedimentary and climatic response to the Palaeocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum in the Hengyang Basin, Hunan Province, China

The Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum (PETM) was a time of relatively abrupt climate change with intensive atmospheric greenhouse warming of 5 - 8˚C and is regarded as quasi-analogous for the modern anthropogenically-induced global warming. It therefore attracted considerable attention from geologists over the last decades. The PETM occurred 56...