The valorization of volatiles released during torrefaction of various kinds of agricultural biomass

Pretreatment and densification processes such as torrefaction coupled with pelletization have proven to be valuable techniques to convert biomass to solid biofuels. Presently, waste streams from the torrefaction process in the form of volatiles are usually combusted to generate heat required for the torrefaction process. Nevertheless, the...

Study of amine degradation in Direct Air Capture

The extensive use of fossil fuels and the emission of greenhouse gases has resulted in severe issues such as global warming and climate change. The energy and transport sector generate a major share of greenhouse gases globally. Though renewable energy can supply some of the energy demands, fossil fuels are still considered as a primary source...

Spinning Arc Plasma Reactor: Characterisation of a novel reactor design for synthetic fuel production

In recent years, the energy transition has led to increasingly higher installed capacities of intermittent renewable energy sources. This has sparked the interest in power-to-fuel technology to store excess renewable energy in the chemical bonds of synthetic fuels. As a highly reactive, turn-key process, plasma-chemical conversion offers a...

Modelling of Multi-Tubular Fixed-Bed Reactor for Fischer-Tropsch Synthesis to Produce Synthetic Crude Using Syngas Obtained from the Work’s Arising Gases of an Integrated Steel Mill

Steelmaking process is a highly carbon-intensive process. This is mainly due to the use of coke as a reducing agent in the blast furnaces to produce carbon-rich pig iron, which in turn, is used for the production of low-carbon steel in the basic oxygen furnaces. The exhaust gases from the blast and basic oxygen furnaces, which mainly contain CO...

The Hybrid Power Plant: Optimal design and operation of battery energy storage as an addition to onshore wind farms in the Netherlands

In the Netherlands, wind power has the highest potential for future development compared to alternatives such as solar PV and biomass. The intermittent nature of the wind power resource calls for novel approaches to supply and demand management, as well as power quality assurance. Energy storage technologies allow for the separation between...

Modeling of a natural circulation flow reactor for methanol synthesis from renewable sources: Description of an experimental prototype

In 2015, 30% of the world's energy demand was met through petroleum based sources, whose burning has affected the world's climate. The Paris Climate Agreement, among other policies, has shifted the focus towards usage of renewable energy sources. Currently, the renewable market caters predominantly to meeting the electric demand, which only...

Experimental Characterization of a Novel Small-Scale Natural Circulation Loop Methanol Synthesis Reactor

The present-day industrialized nations reached high standards of living using cheap fossil fuel energy. The high CO<sub style="color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: &quot;Lucida Grande&quot;, &quot;Lucida Sans Unicode&quot;, sans-serif;">2</sub> emissions as a result of burning these fuels over the years have started outpacing the natural carbon...

Electrochemical Reduction of Carbon Dioxide: Modeling the electrochemical conversion of CO₂ to Formic Acid under high pressure

Due to rising concerns about climate change, a lot of research is currently underway with respect to the development of new technologies which can contribute to the decline of atmospheric CO₂, and will allow further penetration of renewables into the energy mix. A promising technology which is currently actively researched is the...

Methanol Production from Syngas: Process modelling and design utilising biomass gasification and integrating hydrogen supply

Transitioning from a heavily fuel reliant economy to a sustainable future is one of the major challenges of our time. The high energy density and good storage properties of fossil fuels have made them the most important energy source for the last centuries. Moving away from fossil fuels towards greener, biomass-based energy and energy carriers...

A techno-economic feasibility study of an ammonia based energy storage system at Tata Steel IJmuiden using surplus electric power

Renewable energy is continuously increasing its penetration in the energy supply network around the world. Due to the intermittent nature of renewable energy sources like solar and wind, storage of excess energy during its availability is vital. Energy storage, especially on the large scale, has recently received a lot of attention from the...

System Study Towards the Integration of Indirect Biomass Gasification, Methanol and Power Production

The transition from a fossil based economy to a greener, bio-based economy remains challenged by the gap in technological maturity between bio-based processes and conventional fossil energy. Decreasing the price difference between fossil fuels and bio-fuels remains a major constraint. With 98% of the transportation sector now depending on fossil...