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Cosimulating Integrated Energy Systems with Heterogeneous Digital Twins: Matching a Connected World

Palensky, P. (author), Mancarella, Pierluigi (author), Hardy, Trevor (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author)

Energy system integration promises in-creased resiliency and the unlocking of synergies, while also contributing to our goal of decarbonization. It is enabled by both old and new technologies, glued together with data and digital services. Hydrolyzers, heat pumps, distributed renewable generation, smart buildings, and the digital grid edge...

journal article 2024

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Comparative assessment of generative models for transformer- and consumer-level load profiles generation

Xia, W. (author), Huang, Hanyue (author), Duque, Edgar Mauricio Salazar (author), Shengren, H. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author)

Residential load profiles (RLPs) play an increasingly important role in the optimal operation and planning of distribution systems, particularly with the rising integration of low-carbon energy resources such as PV systems, electric vehicles, small-scale batteries, etc. Despite the prevalence of various data-driven models for generating...

journal article 2024

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Hierarchical online energy management for residential microgrids with Hybrid hydrogen–electricity Storage System

Wu, J. (author), Li, S. (author), Fu, A. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Vasquez, Juan C. (author), Guerrero, Josep M. (author)

The increasing proportion of renewable energy introduces both long-term and short-term uncertainty to power systems, which restricts the implementation of energy management systems (EMSs) with high dependency on accurate prediction techniques. A hierarchical online EMS (HEMS) is proposed in this paper to economically operate the Hybrid...

journal article 2024

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Risk-constrained bidding and offering strategy for sector-coupled electricity-hydrogen systems incorporating accessibility level of mobility sector

Zare Oskouei, Morteza (author), Mehrjerdi, Hasan (author), Palensky, P. (author)

To enhance the economic viability of integrated energy systems, it is important to balance risk and reward while ensuring operational flexibility and compliance with regulatory constraints. Developing an integrated risk measurement method for energy trading in energy markets that complies with regulatory constraints adds another layer of...

journal article 2024

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Will SiOx-pinholes for SiOx/poly-Si passivating contact enhance the passivation quality?

Yang, G. (author), Gram, Remon (author), Procel Moya, P.A. (author), Han, C. (author), Yao, Z. (author), Singh, M. (author), Zhao, Y. (author), Mazzarella, L. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

Passivating contacts based on poly-Si have enabled record-high c-Si solar cell efficiencies due to their excellent surface passivation quality and carrier selectivity. The eventual existence of pinholes within the ultra-thin SiOx layer is one of the key factors for carrier collection, beside the tunneling mechanism. However, pinholes are usually...

journal article 2023

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Crystalline silicon solar cells with thin poly-SiO_x carrier-selective passivating contacts for perovskite/c-Si tandem applications

Singh, M. (author), Amarnath, A. (author), Wagner, Fabian (author), Zhao, Y. (author), Yang, G. (author), Mazzarella, L. (author), Weeber, A.W. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

Single junction crystalline silicon (c-Si) solar cells are reaching their practical efficiency limit whereas perovskite/c-Si tandem solar cells have achieved efficiencies above the theoretical limit of single junction c-Si solar cells. Next to low-thermal budget silicon heterojunction architecture, high-thermal budget carrier-selective...

journal article 2023

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A GNN-Based Generative Model for Generating Synthetic Cyber-Physical Power System Topology

Liu, Y. (author), Xie, H. (author), Presekal, A. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Synthetic networks aim at generating realistic projections of real-world networks while concealing the actual system information. This paper proposes a scalable and effective approach based on graph neural networks (GNN) to generate synthetic topologies of Cyber-Physical power Systems (CPS) with realistic network feature distribution. In order...

journal article 2023

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Voltage/Current Doubler Converter for Electric Vehicle Wireless Charging Employing Bipolar Pads

Grazian, F. (author), Soeiro, Thiago B. (author), Bauer, P. (author)

Light-duty electric vehicles (EVs) typically have a rated voltage of either 400 or 800 V. Especially when considering public parking infrastructures or owners with multiple EVs, e.g., car rental companies, EV wireless chargers must efficiently deliver electric power to both battery options. For this purpose, this article proposes an advanced...

journal article 2023

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Charging Infrastructure and Grid Integration for Electromobility

Rivera, Sebastian (author), Goetz, Stefan M. (author), Kouro, Samir (author), Lehn, Peter W. (author), Pathmanathan, Mehanathan (author), Bauer, P. (author), Mastromauro, Rosa Anna (author)

Electric vehicle (EV) charging infrastructure will play a critical role in decarbonization during the next decades, energizing a large share of the transportation sector. This will further increase the enabling role of power electronics converters as an energy transition technology in the widespread adoption of clean energy sources and their...

journal article 2023

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Industrially viable diffused IBC solar cells using APCVD dopant glass layers

Kuruganti, V.V. (author), Wurmbrand, Daniel (author), Buck, Thomas (author), Seren, Sven (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Geml, Fabian (author), Plagwitz, Heiko (author), Terheiden, Barbara (author), Mihailetchi, Valentin D. (author)

Even though interdigitated back contact (IBC) architecture produces the most efficient solar cells, it is difficult to make them cost-effective and industrially viable. Therefore, single-sided atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) is investigated for the fabrication of IBC solar cells because it reduces the overall thermal...

journal article 2023

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Resilient, Auditable and Secure IoT-Enabled Smart Inverter Firmware Amendments With Blockchain

Akkaoui, R. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author), Epema, D.H.J. (author)

The solar industry in residential areas has been witnessing an astonishing growth worldwide. At the heart of this transformation, affecting the edge of the electricity grid, reside smart inverters (SIs). These IoT-enabled devices aim to introduce a certain degree of intelligence to conventional inverters by integrating various grid support...

journal article 2023

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Cyber-Physical Testbed Co-simulation Real-Time: Normal and Abnormal System Frequency Response

Riquelme-Dominguez, Jose Miguel (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author), Melo, Andre Felipe Silva (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Future carbon-neutral power systems impose many challenges; one is the urgent need for a simulation platform that allows replicating the complex systems’ actual dynamic performance. This paper shows the results of implementing a cyber-physical testbed co-simulation in real-time to analyse the system frequency response considering primary...

journal article 2023

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Split-based sequential sampling for realtime security assessment

Bugaje, A.-.A.B. (author), Cremer, Jochen (author), Strbac, Goran (author)

Machine learning (ML) for real-time security assessment requires a diverse training database to be accurate for scenarios beyond historical records. Generating diverse operating conditions is highly relevant for the uncertain future of emerging power systems that are completely different to historical power systems. In response, for the first...

journal article 2023

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Individual yield nowcasting for residential PV systems

Grzebyk, Daniel (author), Alcañiz Moya, A. (author), Donker, Jaap (author), Zeman, M. (author), Ziar, H. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

Due to the inherent uncertainty in photovoltaic (PV) energy generation, an accurate power forecasting is essential to ensure a reliable operation of PV systems and a safe electric grid. Machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity on the development of this task due to its increased accuracy. Most literature, however, focuses only...

journal article 2023

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Energy Loss Analysis of Two-Terminal Tandem PV Systems under Realistic Operating Conditions—Revealing the Importance of Fill Factor Gains

Blom, Y. (author), Vogt, M.R. (author), Ruiz Tobon, C.M. (author), Santbergen, R. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

The tandem PV technology can potentially increase the efficiency of PV modules over 30%. To design efficient modules, a quantification of the different losses is important. Herein, a model for quantifying the energy loss mechanisms in PV systems under real-world operating conditions with a level of detail back to the components and their...

journal article 2023

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Exploring Stability and Accuracy Limits of Distributed Real-Time Power System Simulations via System-of-Systems Cosimulation

Barbierato, Luca (author), Pons, Enrico (author), Bompard, Ettore Francesco (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author), Bottaccioli, Lorenzo (author), Patti, Edoardo (author)

Electromagnetic transients (EMT) is the most accurate, but computationally expensive method of analyzing power system phenomena. Thereby, interconnecting several real-time simulators can unlock scalability and system coverage, but leads to a number of new challenges, mainly in time synchronization, numerical stability, and accuracy...

journal article 2023

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Update Scheduling for ADMM-based Energy Sharing in Virtual Power Plants Considering Massive Prosumer Access

Feng, Cheng (author), Zheng, Kedi (author), Zhou, Yangze (author), Palensky, P. (author), Chen, Qixin (author)

With the proliferation of distributed energy resources (DERs), electricity consumers in virtual power plants (VPPs) are transitioning into prosumers and are encouraged to share surplus energy with peers. Nevertheless, large-scale energy sharing among thousands of prosumers may encounter communication-related challenges. Communication network...

journal article 2023

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Developing an energy rating for bifacial photovoltaic modules

Vogt, M.R. (author), Pilis, Giorgos (author), Zeman, M. (author), Santbergen, R. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

The photovoltaic (PV) module energy rating standard series IEC 61853 does not cover bifacial PV modules. However, the market share of bifacial PV modules has dramatically increased in recent years and is projected to grow. This work demonstrates how Parts 3 and 4 of the IEC 61853 standard could be extended to bifacial modules. First, we...

journal article 2023

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Zero-sequence current suppression control for fault current damper based on model predictive control

Shetgaonkar, A.D. (author), Popov, M. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Lekić, A. (author)

In a multi-terminal direct current (MTdc) system based on a modular multilevel converter (MMC), high-speed and large interruption capability direct current circuit breakers (dc CBs) are required for dc fault interruption. However, commercializing these breakers is challenging, especially offshore, due to the large footprint of the surge...

journal article 2023

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Stable passivation of cut edges in encapsulated n-type silicon solar cells using Nafion polymer

Chen, N. (author), Tune, Daniel (author), Buchholz, Florian (author), Roescu, Razvan (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Mihailetchi, Valentin D. (author)

In this study, the edge passivation effectiveness and long-term stability of Nafion polymer in n-type interdigitated back contact (IBC) solar cells are investigated. For new module technologies such as half-cut, triple-cut, or shingled modules, cutting of the cells introduces unpassivated edges with a high recombination rate and this limits the...

journal article 2023