document

Hybrid Energy Storage System Based on a Multioutput Multilevel Converter

Lizana, Ricardo (author), Rivera, Sebastian (author), Figueroa, Fidel (author), Flores-Bahamonde, Freddy (author), Rodriguez, Jose (author), Goetz, Stefan M. (author)

Energy storage systems (ESSs) allow improving the stability and efficiency of the electrical grids with a high penetration of renewable energy sources. Moreover, the use of Hybrid ESSs (HESSs) enables storage solutions with both high-energy and high-power densities, by combining different storage technologies such as diverse battery...

journal article 2023

document

Specifications of a Simulation Framework for Virtualized Intelligent Electronic Devices in Smart Grids Covering Networking and Security Requirements

Kabbara, N. (author), Mwangi, A.W. (author), Gibescu, Madeleine (author), Abedi, A. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author)

As power system's operational technology converges with innovative information and communication technologies, the need for extensive resilience testing for scenarios covering the electrical grid, networking bottlenecks, as well as cyber security threats, become a necessity. This paper proposes a comprehensive, multi-disciplinary simulation...

conference paper 2023

document

The Illuminator: An Open Source Energy System Integration Development Kit

Fu, A. (author), Saini, Raghav (author), Koornneef, R.N. (author), van der Meer, A.A. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Cvetkovic, M. (author)

This paper introduces a flexible and extendable easy-to-use energy system integration development kit: the Illuminator. The Illuminator illustrates challenges arising from the energy transition. Hence, it is suitable in education and for demonstration. It also acts as a sandbox for testing new research concepts, and particularly, distributed...

conference paper 2023

document

Optimal Energy Scheduling of Flexible Industrial Prosumers via Reinforcement Learning

van den Bovenkamp, Nick (author), Giraldo, Juan S. (author), Salazar Duque, Edgar Mauricio (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author), Konstantinou, Charalambos (author), Palensky, P. (author)

This paper introduces an energy management system (EMS) aiming to minimize electricity operating costs using reinforcement learning (RL) with a linear function approximation. The proposed EMS uses a Q-learning with tile coding (QLTC) algorithm and is compared to a deterministic mixed-integer linear programming (MILP) with perfect forecast...

conference paper 2023

document

Cyber Attacks on Power Grids: Causes and Propagation of Cascading Failures

Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Presekal, A. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Rueda, José L. (author)

Cascading effects in the power grid involve an uncontrolled, successive failure of elements. The root cause of such failures is the combined occurrence of multiple, statistically rare events that may result in a blackout. With increasing digitalisation, power systems are vulnerable to emergent cyber threats. Furthermore, such threats are not...

journal article 2023

document

Congestion management in electricity distribution networks: Smart tariffs, local markets and direct control

Hennig, R.J. (author), De Vries, Laurens (author), Tindemans, Simon H. (author)

Increasing peaks from high-power loads such as EVs and heat pumps lead to congestion of electric distribution grids. The inherent flexibility of these loads could be used to resolve congestion events. Possible options for this are smart network tariffs, market-based approaches, and direct control of flexible loads by the network operator. In...

journal article 2023

document

Development of Reliable Power Electronic Systems using Real Time Digital Twin Based Power Hardware-in-the-Loop Testbed

Shekhar, A. (author), Rituraj, G. (author), van der Sande, Robin (author), Ahmadi, M. (author), Deshmukh, R.S. (author), Bauer, P. (author), Nougain, V. (author), Lekić, A. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Reliable Power Electronic Systems (PES) are vital for enabling energy transition technologies of the future. Power hardware-in-the-Loop (PHIL) test bed can be used to validate such systems cost-effectively and time-efficiently. In general, the Real Time Digital Twin (RTDT) is a virtual representation of the PES and its operating environment that...

conference paper 2023

document

Coordinated tuning of MMC-HVDC interconnection links and PEM electrolyzers for fast frequency support in a multiarea electrical power system

Giannakopoulos, G. (author), Perilla Guerra, A.D. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author)

Modernization of power systems leads to more power electronic interfaced units in the generation, demand, and transmission. Examples are remotely installed renewable energy sources, loads with constant power, or high voltage direct current (HVDC) corridors. These changes significantly affect the frequency stability margins of the system and...

book chapter 2023

document

Impact of Dynamic Tariffs for Smart EV Charging on LV Distribution Network Operation

Verbist, Flore (author), Panda, Nanda Kishor (author), Vergara Barrios, P.P. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

With a growing share of electric vehicles (EVs) in our distribution grids, the need for smart charging becomes indispensable to minimise grid reinforcement. To circumvent the associated capacity limitations, this paper evaluates the effectiveness of different levels of network constraints and different dynamic tariffs, including a dynamic...

conference paper 2023

document

Closed-loop simulation testing of a probabilistic DR framework for Day Ahead Market participation applied to Battery Energy Storage Systems

van der Heijden, T.J.T. (author), Palensky, P. (author), van de Giesen, N.C. (author), Abraham, E. (author)

In this manuscript, we test the operational performance decrease of a probabilistic framework for Demand Response (DR). We use Day Ahead Market (DAM) price scenarios generated by a Combined Quantile Regression Deep Neural Network (CQR-DNN) and a Non-parametric Bayesian Network (NPBN) to maximise profit of a Battery Energy Storage System (BESS)...

conference paper 2023

document

Industrially viable diffused IBC solar cells using APCVD dopant glass layers

Kuruganti, V.V. (author), Wurmbrand, Daniel (author), Buck, Thomas (author), Seren, Sven (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author), Geml, Fabian (author), Plagwitz, Heiko (author), Terheiden, Barbara (author), Mihailetchi, Valentin D. (author)

Even though interdigitated back contact (IBC) architecture produces the most efficient solar cells, it is difficult to make them cost-effective and industrially viable. Therefore, single-sided atmospheric pressure chemical vapor deposition (APCVD) is investigated for the fabrication of IBC solar cells because it reduces the overall thermal...

journal article 2023

document

Wide-Area Damping of Sub-Synchronous Oscillations Excited by Large Wind Power Plants

van Vledder, C.A. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author), Anaya-Lara, Olimpo (author), Kruimer, B. (author), Gonzalez-Loderiro, Francisco (author)

Power electronic interfaced generation (PEIG) has become significantly dominant in the electrical power grid. This development is leading to a decrease in systemic inertia and damping against electrical oscillations. This causes the introduction of new and faster dynamic phenomena. One of these phenomena is sub-synchronous control interaction ...

conference paper 2023

document

Cyber Forensic Analysis for Operational Technology Using Graph-Based Deep Learning

Presekal, A. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author)

The cyber attacks in Ukraine in 2015 and 2016 demonstrated the vulnerability of electrical power grids to cyber threats. They highlighted the significance of Operational Technology (OT) communication-based anomaly detection. Many anomaly detection methods are based on real-time traffic monitoring, i.e., Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS) that may...

conference paper 2023

document

Future Dutch Electricity Grid: Assessing the Potential of Overplanting in Photovoltaic Systems

Reis, F.R. (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author)

This paper concerns with the determination of a suitable level of overplanting for photovoltaic systems. For this purpose, six futuristic operational scenarios for the Dutch electrical power system are generated for year 2050. A synthetic model is developed by using DIgSILENT Power Factory 2022 SP3 to investigate the steady-state systemic...

conference paper 2023

document

Resilient, Auditable and Secure IoT-Enabled Smart Inverter Firmware Amendments With Blockchain

Akkaoui, R. (author), Stefanov, Alexandru (author), Palensky, P. (author), Epema, D.H.J. (author)

The solar industry in residential areas has been witnessing an astonishing growth worldwide. At the heart of this transformation, affecting the edge of the electricity grid, reside smart inverters (SIs). These IoT-enabled devices aim to introduce a certain degree of intelligence to conventional inverters by integrating various grid support...

journal article 2023

document

Cyber-Physical Testbed Co-simulation Real-Time: Normal and Abnormal System Frequency Response

Riquelme-Dominguez, Jose Miguel (author), Gonzalez-Longatt, Francisco (author), Melo, Andre Felipe Silva (author), Rueda, José L. (author), Palensky, P. (author)

Future carbon-neutral power systems impose many challenges; one is the urgent need for a simulation platform that allows replicating the complex systems’ actual dynamic performance. This paper shows the results of implementing a cyber-physical testbed co-simulation in real-time to analyse the system frequency response considering primary...

journal article 2023

document

Split-based sequential sampling for realtime security assessment

Bugaje, A.-.A.B. (author), Cremer, Jochen (author), Strbac, Goran (author)

Machine learning (ML) for real-time security assessment requires a diverse training database to be accurate for scenarios beyond historical records. Generating diverse operating conditions is highly relevant for the uncertain future of emerging power systems that are completely different to historical power systems. In response, for the first...

journal article 2023

document

Individual yield nowcasting for residential PV systems

Grzebyk, Daniel (author), Alcañiz Moya, A. (author), Donker, Jaap (author), Zeman, M. (author), Ziar, H. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

Due to the inherent uncertainty in photovoltaic (PV) energy generation, an accurate power forecasting is essential to ensure a reliable operation of PV systems and a safe electric grid. Machine learning (ML) techniques have gained popularity on the development of this task due to its increased accuracy. Most literature, however, focuses only...

journal article 2023

document

Energy Loss Analysis of Two-Terminal Tandem PV Systems under Realistic Operating Conditions—Revealing the Importance of Fill Factor Gains

Blom, Y. (author), Vogt, M.R. (author), Ruiz Tobon, C.M. (author), Santbergen, R. (author), Zeman, M. (author), Isabella, O. (author)

The tandem PV technology can potentially increase the efficiency of PV modules over 30%. To design efficient modules, a quantification of the different losses is important. Herein, a model for quantifying the energy loss mechanisms in PV systems under real-world operating conditions with a level of detail back to the components and their...

journal article 2023

document

Exploring Stability and Accuracy Limits of Distributed Real-Time Power System Simulations via System-of-Systems Cosimulation

Barbierato, Luca (author), Pons, Enrico (author), Bompard, Ettore Francesco (author), Subramaniam Rajkumar, Vetrivel (author), Palensky, P. (author), Bottaccioli, Lorenzo (author), Patti, Edoardo (author)

Electromagnetic transients (EMT) is the most accurate, but computationally expensive method of analyzing power system phenomena. Thereby, interconnecting several real-time simulators can unlock scalability and system coverage, but leads to a number of new challenges, mainly in time synchronization, numerical stability, and accuracy...

journal article 2023