Characterization of multi-GNSS between-receiver differential code biases using zero and short baselines

Care should be taken to minimize adverse impact of receiver differential code biases (DCBs) on global navigation satellite system (GNSS)-derived ionospheric parameters. It is therefore of importance to ascertain the intrinsic characteristics of receiver DCBs, preferably in the context of new-generation GNSS. In this contribution, we present a...

Integrated GNSS attitude determination and positioning for direct geo-referencing

Direct geo-referencing is an efficient methodology for the fast acquisition of 3D spatial data. It requires the fusion of spatial data acquisition sensors with navigation sensors, such as Global Navigation Satellite System (GNSS) receivers. In this contribution, we consider an integrated GNSS navigation system to provide estimates of the...

GNSS integer ambiguity estimation and evaluation: LAMBDA and Ps-LAMBDA

Successful integer carrier-phase ambiguity resolution is crucial for high precision GNSS applications. It includes both integer estimation and evaluation. For integer estimation, the LAMBDA method has been applied in a wide variety of GNSS applications. The method’s popularity stems from its numerical efficien-cy and statistical optimality....

BeiDou inter-satellite-type bias evaluation and calibration for mixed receiver attitude determination

The Chinese BeiDou system (BDS), having different types of satellites, is an important addition to the ever growing system of Global Navigation Satellite Systems (GNSS). It consists of Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellites, Inclined Geosynchronous Satellite Orbit (IGSO) satellites and Medium Earth Orbit (MEO) satellites. This paper...

GNSS ambiguity resolution: Which subset to fix?

A key issue with GNSS carrier phase ambiguity resolution is that often the full set of ambiguities cannot be fixed fast and reliably. A possible strategy is then to resolve only a subset of ambiguities, one for which the probability of correct fixing, the so-called success rate, is sufficiently close to 1. However, a proper subset selection...