Long term planning for the water supply system of the Metropolitan Area of Amsterdam under new water saving regimes of the retail customers: Understanding the system and addressing uncertainties

The centralized drinking water supply system of the Metropolitan Area of Amsterdam, operated and owned mainly by Waternet, has high performance indicators and satisfies the full demand for water in the urban grid and surrounding areas on a full cost recovery basis. Social and technological developments, stemming mainly from (i) the increasing...

Exploratory modeling: A tool for communicating the future: A case study of valuing flexibility in flood defense strategies

Decision-making for flood defense while facing a considerable change in driving forces demands other methods than the traditional approach of forecasting and optimal policy selection. Exploratory modeling can be a candidate for helping adaptive policymaking to deal with the uncertainties that confront decision-makers. In adaptive policymaking...