Public Law Restrictions in the Context of 3D Land Administration—Review on Legal and Technical Approaches

Intense exploitation of land implies the development of multi-level, multi-purpose, overlap-ping and interlocking structures on 3D space, thus resulting in complex, stratified, 3D real property rights between individual owners, as well as restrictions. Legislation regulates the ownership status and use of land by imposing restrictions known...

Investigating 3D spatial units’ types as basis for refined 3D spatial profiles in the context of LADM revision

Dense urbanisation has led to an increasing demand and pressure for land development, resulting in the partition of 3D space into different owners sharing delimited property interests on, above or below the land surface. Consequently, cadastral spatial units range from simple, but most common, 2D, to complex 3D collections of spaces worldwide,...

Determining the “true” three-dimensional environmental impact of Public Law Restrictions

The needs of modern, heavily urbanised societies, require, on the one hand, the most efficient exploitation of land by individual stakeholders and, on the other hand, have set up a variety of restrictions and regulations for the public benefit. Such restrictions are steadily growing in number and apply in various areas. Given the technological...

3D Cadastre and LADM – Needs and Expectations towards LADM Revision

The last decade, significant progress has been made in advancing the concept of 3D Cadastre and related technologies to facilitate its realisation. There are many examples of partial implementation and prototypes of 3D parcels registration around the world as stated by Kitsakis et al (2016) and Dimopoulou et al (2016) regarding selected...

Requirements for Standardised Representation of Public Law Restrictions based on LADM

Legal relations applying to land are of significant importance for land administration. Such relations include Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities, deriving both from Private and Public Law. However, only the former are normally registered within cadastral systems, while the latter are either not required to be registered, or are...

3D Cadastre and LADM - Needs and Expectations towards LADM Revision

The last decade, significant progress has been made in advancing the concept of 3D Cadastre and related technologies to facilitate its realisation. There are many examples of partial implementation and prototypes of 3D parcels registration around the world as stated by Kitsakis et al (2016) and Dimopoulou et al (2016) regarding selected...

A 3D LADM prototype implementation in INTERLIS

The massive developments and uses of high-rise buildings indicate that the demand for use of space above and below the ground surface is rapidly increasing in recent years. The same applies to Greece, where the existing cadastral model does not cover the 3D needs and does not conform to international standards. In this paper, a model is...

INTERLIS Language for Modelling Legal 3D Spaces and Physical 3D Objects by Including Formalized Implementable Constraints and Meaningful Code Lists

The Land Administration Domain Model (LADM) is one of the first ISO spatial domain standards, and has been proven one of the best candidates for unambiguously representing 3D Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities. Consequently, multiple LADM-based country profile implementations have been developed since the approval of LADM as an ISO...

Formalizing Implementable Constraints in the INTERLIS Language for Modelling Legal 3D RRR Spaces and 3D Physical Objects

Building Information Models (e.g. BIM, IFC) and virtual 3D city models (e.g. CityGML) are revolutionising the way we manage information about cities. The main focus of such models is on the physical and functional characteristics of urban structures (Aien et al, 2015). On the other hand cadastral data models, (e.g. Land Administration Domain...

Initial Registration of 3D Parcels

Registering the rights of a 3D parcel provides certainty of ownership, protection of rights and unambiguous spatial location. While not all cadastral jurisdictions in the world maintain a digital cadastral database, the concepts of such registration hold true regardless of whether it is a paper-based cadastre or a digital one. Similarly, the...

Possibilities of Integrating Public Law Restrictions to 3D Cadastres

Modern urban environment is characterized by intense vertical exploitation of real property. This has resulted in complex and interlocking structures, also reflecting to vertically overlapping real property rights, intensifying the need for 3D cadastral systems. Additionally, a significant number of Public Law Restrictions (PLRs), defined by an...

Formalizing Implementable Constraints in the INTERLIS Language for Modelling Legal 3D RRR Spaces and 3D Physical Objects

Building Information Models (e.g. BIM, IFC) and virtual 3D city models (e.g. CityGML) are revolutionising the way we manage information about cities. The main focus of such models is on the physical and functional characteristics of urban structures (Aien et al, 2015). On the other hand cadastral data models, (e.g. Land Administration Domain...

Contribution of Existing Documentation in 3D Cadastre

Over the last decades, land exploitation is getting more intense in order to satisfy public and private needs of modern societies. The intensification of 3D space exploitation includes complicated rights, restrictions and responsibilities (RRRs) that need to be unambiguously registered. In this direction, the incorporation of 3D aspects of real...

Legal Aspects of 3D Property Rights, Restrictions and Responsibilities in Greece and Cyprus

This paper aims to identify and evaluate the constraints imposed by the legal framework both in Greece and Cyprus that prohibit the extensive development and application of 3D Cadastres. Property laws and customary rights in both countries present several similarities; e.g. co-ownership in shares as the result of the existing inheritance system,...

Adjusting the 2D Hellenic Cadastre to the Complex 3D World – Possibilities and Constraints

The Hellenic Cadastre (HC) collects information on property objects, in order to cover the entirety of the Greek territory and according to its action plan, this information is in reference with the land-parcel and is analyzed on the two dimensions of the real objects. However, according to Dimopoulou et al (2006), registering property objects...