3D building metrics for urban morphology

Urban morphology is important in a broad range of investigations across the fields of city planning, transportation, climate, energy, and urban data science. Characterising buildings with a set of numerical metrics is fundamental to studying the urban form. Despite the rapid developments in 3D geoinformation science, and the growing 3D data...

Documenting cultural heritage in an INSPIRE-based 3D GIS for risk and vulnerability analysis

Purpose: The study, within the Increasing Resilience of Cultural Heritage (ResCult) project, aims to support civil protection to prevent, lessen and mitigate disasters impacts on cultural heritage using a unique standardised-3D geographical information system (GIS), including both heritage and risk and hazard information. Design/methodology...

3 Dimensional data research for property valuation in the context of the LADM Valuation Information Model

Property valuation is a process that promotes sustainable development as it supports and forms several land management activities. Access to information on the legal, geometric, physical, locational and environmental characteristics of property units together with the economic indicators are required for an effective property valuation system...

3D Data for Better Property Value Estimation in the context of LADM Valuation Information Model

Property valuation is a process of estimating value of an immovable property. The legal, geometric, physical and environmental characteristics of the immovable property together with the economic indicators are taken into consideration during this process. Traditional cadastral systems only provide two-dimensional (2D) legal and geometric...

3D Data for Better Property Value Estimation in the context of LADM Valuation Information Model

Property valuation is a process of estimating value of an immovable property. The legal, geometric, physical and environmental characteristics of the immovable property together with the economic indicators are taken into consideration during this process. Traditional cadastral systems only provide two-dimensional (2D) legal and geometric...

CityGML Application Domain Extension (ADE): overview of developments

The Application Domain Extension (ADE) is a built-in mechanism of CityGML to augment its data model with additional concepts required by particular use cases. The goal of this paper is to provide an overview of the ADE mechanism and a literature review of developments since its introduction a decade ago. The discovery of publications found that...

Level of detail in 3D city models

The concept of level of detail (LOD) describes the content of 3D city models and it plays an essential role during their life cycle. On one hand it comes akin to the concepts of scale in cartography and LOD in computer graphics, on the other hand it is a standalone concept that requires attention. LOD has an influence on tendering and...

The variants of an LOD of a 3D building model and their influence on spatial analyses

The level of detail (LOD) of a 3D city model indicates the model's grade and usability. However, there exist multiple valid variants of each LOD. As a consequence, the LOD concept is inconclusive as an instruction for the acquisition of 3D city models. For instance, the top surface of an LOD1 block model may be modelled at the eaves of a...

Towards automatic semantic labelling of 3D city models

The lack of semantic information in many 3D city models is a considerable limiting factor in their use, as a lot of applications rely on semantics. Such information is not always available, since it is not collected at all times, it might be lost due to data transformation, or its lack may be caused by non-interoperability in data integration...

Applications of 3D City Models: State of the Art Review

In the last decades, 3D city models appear to have been predominantly used for visualisation; however, today they are being increasingly employed in a number of domains and for a large range of tasks beyond visualisation. In this paper, we seek to understand and document the state of the art regarding the utilisation of 3D city models across...

Application of 3D GIS to 3D Cadastre in Urban Environment

Rapid development has promoted the 3D land use in the urban environment with the increasing requirements of the complex interweaving, such as dwellings, commercial areas, public transportation and urban utilities and infrastructure.3D cadastral object are features which concern unban planning, land resource and real estate of municipalities,...

Shadow effect on photovoltaic potentiality analysis using 3D city models

Due to global warming, green-house effect and various other drawbacks of existing energy sources, renewable energy like Photovoltaic system is being popular for energy production. The result of photovoltaic potentiality analysis depends on data quality and parameters. Shadow rapidly decreases performance of the Photovoltaic system and it always...

3D Cadastre in Singapore

Property rights have always been shown in 2D with the surface parcel being the fundamental representation of ownership. Complex 3D situations, interlocking properties, multi-levelled train station, underground rock caverns are all immediate but unresolved challenges for us in Singapore. Volumetric parcels such as strata subdivision, subterranean...

Proposal for the Development of a 3D Hybrid Model for the Hellenic Cadastre

Cadastral registration based on a two-dimensional parcel representation of space (2D cadastral unit) was adequate for several decades. However there has been an active and increasing use of space above and below the land surface with a fragmented legal status (various properties, property rights, right-holders). Thus, encouraged by the recent...

Spatial models for architectural heritage in urban database context

Despite the GIS (Geographic Information Systems/Geospatial Information Systems) have been provided with several applications to manage the two-dimensional geometric information and arrange the topological relations among different spatial primitives, most of these systems have limited capabilities to manage the three-dimensional space. Other...

BIM for geo-analysis (BIM4GEOA): Set up of 3D information system with open source software and open specification (OS)

To address the challenges of sustainable management and development of the built environment, engineers and facility managers need to exploit the 3D City models which grown in recent years to include interior space. A crucial issue for facilitating interaction with these 3D city models is the ability to integrate 3D BIM into the geospatial...

3D topography: A simplicial complex-based solution in a spatial DBMS

Current topographic products are usually limited to a real world representation in only two dimensions, extended with some additional point heights and contour lines. Many environmental issues require more precision than analysis on 2D models can offer. At the same time, vast amounts of 3D data are becoming available due to emerging new data...

3D-gis in networking environments

In this paper, we present a data model for 3D geometry and topology in a 3D-GIS. This data model includes the concept of several views for the same feature, which enables several presentations of the same data. Together with a spatial index, this view-concept will be used to visualize the 3D-GIS data in a distributed networking environment. The...