Triangulating the future: Developing scenarios of cyclist-automated vehicle interactions from literature, expert perspectives, and survey data

Automated vehicles pose a unique challenge to the safety of vulnerable road users. Research on cyclist-automated vehicle interaction has received relatively little attention compared to pedestrian safety. This exploratory study aims to bridge this gap by identifying cyclist-automated vehicle scenarios and providing recommendations for future...

User Interfaces for Cyclists in Future Automated Traffic

In future traffic, intelligent user interfaces may aid cyclists in interpreting the behaviour of automated vehicles. Cyclists can be equipped with obstacle-detecting sensors, and an interface could display relevant information or use audible alerts to warn or inform cyclists of other road users' intent and potential hazards. Researching...

Cyclist support systems for future automated traffic

Interpreting the subtleness and complexity of vulnerable road user (VRU) behaviour is still a significant challenge for automated vehicles (AVs). Solutions for facilitating safe and acceptable interactions in future automated traffic include equipping AVs and VRUs with human-machine interfaces (HMl.s), such as awareness and notification systems,...

Do cyclists need HMIs in future automated traffic?: An interview study

Cyclists are expected to interact with automated vehicles (AVs) in future traffic, yet we know little about the nature of this interaction and the safety implications of AVs on cyclists. On-bike human–machine interfaces (HMIs) and connecting cyclists to AVs and the road infrastructure may have the potential to enhance the safety of cyclists....

The development of cycling in european countries since 1990

High pre-World-War-2 modal shares of cycling in European countries sharply decreased during the post-war decades. In the 1990s, European governments introduced policies to increase bicycle use. However, a database or longitudinal study on the development of bicycle use in European countries is lacking. The goal of this paper is to examine to...

PC-based hazard anticipation training for experienced cyclists: Design and evaluation

Research shows that the ability to anticipate safety-critical situations is predictive of safe performance in traffic. Thus far, hazard anticipation training has been developed mainly for car drivers. These training programs may not be appropriate for cyclists who are exposed to different types of hazards. This study aimed to develop a PC...

What will the car driver do? A video-based questionnaire study on cyclists' anticipation during safety-critical situations

Introduction: Many bicycle–car crashes are caused by the fact that the driver fails to give right of way to the cyclist. Although the car driver is to blame, the cyclist may have been able to prevent the crash by anticipating the safety-critical event and slowing-down. This study aimed to understand how accurate cyclists are in predicting a...

Cyclists’ eye movements and crossing judgments at uncontrolled intersections: An eye-tracking study using animated video clips

Research indicates that crashes between a cyclist and a car often occur even when the cyclist must have seen the approaching car, suggesting the importance of hazard anticipation skills. This study aimed to analyze cyclists’ eye movements and crossing judgments while approaching an intersection at different speeds. Thirty-six participants...

Development and evaluation of a PC-based hazard anticipation training for cyclists

Hazard anticipation skills are crucial for safe performance in traffic. Most hazard anticipation training programs have been developed for car drivers [1]. Traffic situations used in these programs may not be appropriate for cyclists because cyclists are subjected to specific types of hazards. In line with research evidence that hazard...

Cyclists’ predictions of what a car driver will do next at intersections

In the Netherlands, 30% of fatal crashes between 2010 and 2015 involved a cyclist [1], with a large portion of these crashes occurring at intersections in urban areas. Contributing factors to driver-cyclist collisions at intersections are not only inadequate visual search, but also incorrect expectations about the other’s intentions [2]....

Riding performance on a conventional bicycle and a pedelec in low speed exercises: Objective and subjective evaluation of middle-aged and older persons

This study investigated cycling performance of middle-aged (30–45 years old; n = 30) versus older (65+ years; n = 31) participants during low-speed tasks for which stabilization skills are known to be important. Additionally, participants’ self-ratings of their cycling skills and performance were assessed. Participants rode once on a...

A conceptual framework for road safety and mobility applied to cycling safety

Scientific literature lacks a model which combines exposure to risk, risk, and the relationship between them. This paper presents a conceptual road safety framework comprising mutually interacting factors for exposure to risk resulting from travel behaviour (volumes, modal split, and distribution of traffic over time and space) and for risk ...