Fouling control in ceramic nanofiltration membrane by pre-coating with calcium carbonate

Water scarcity and uneven distribution of water resources pose a significant challenge globally. Searching for alternative water resources could alleviate this issue. Municipal sewage reclamation with ceramic NF membrane has gained momentum nowadays. However, the inevitable fouling, especially organic fouling during membrane filtration, is the...

Investigation of the Effect of Water Quality on Formation Damage using Porous Discs

Water injection is widely used in the petroleum industry for the increase of hydrocarbon recovery or disposal of wastewater. Water production and injection are the primary mechanisms in Geothermal Energy. Both include injecting water into a porous formation under matrix injection conditions. While maintaining water injection is vital in these...

An improved kinetic model and optimized configurations for pellet softening: Modeling and optimization of pellet softening process in drinking water treatment

In the last decade, several process modifications took place in the Loenderveen (LDV)- Weesperkarspel (WPK) Water Treatment Plant (WTP) of Waternet. There are four process modifications initiated over time: first, a shift from garnet sand to calcite pellets as seeding materials for pellet softening process. Second, the elimination of acid dosing...

Fouling Control in Ceramic Nanofiltration Membrane: Forward Flush and Precoating Method

The new concept of sewer mining which utilizes the ceramic nanofiltration (C-NF) membranes offers a compact solution for water and other resources recovery. However, since it has very limited pre-treatment process, membrane fouling is a common problem due to the direct contact between the membrane and sewage water. Sewage water contains a lot of...

An improved model of calcium carbonate crystallization: An improved kinetics-model for the calcium carbonate crystallization in the fluidized bed softening reactors at the Weesperkarspel drinking water treatment plant

One of the main targets of Waternet, the water-cycle company of Amsterdam, is to increase the sustainability of water treatment. To achieve this goal, it is necessary to improve the efficiency and to decrease the use of chemicals during pellet softening process. However, the model of Van Schagen et al. (2008 b,c) that is currently used to...

Controlled Precipitation of Calcium Carbonate in Spatial Dimension with Multiple Calcium Chloride and Sodium Carbonate Pulses

Controlled calcium carbonate precipitation can be used for various applications. Calcium carbonate precipitation occurs when dissolved calcium and carbonate are mixed at concentrations which exceed the solubility of calcium carbonate. With alternate injection of pulses of calcium chloride and sodium carbonate solutions in time through a porous...