Residual Ground Fault Detector for Bipolar LVDC Grids: A Novel Approach towards Selective Protection

LVDC Distribution systems are becoming popular due to the avenue of integrating renewable energy sources on a large scale. Predominant DC based power system architecture has been predicted to serve the needs of a sustainable society that holds the capability to self-generate, share, and trade power produced from renewable energy sources. Bottom ...

A Hybrid Magnetic Current Sensor With a Dual Differential DC Servo Loop

This article presents a hybrid magnetic current sensor for contactless current measurement. Pick-up coils and Hall plates are employed to sense the high and low-frequency fields, respectively, generated by a current-carrying conductor. Due to the differentiating characteristic of the pick-up coils, a flat frequency response can then be...

A Hybrid Magnetic Current Sensor With a Multiplexed Ripple-Reduction Loop

This article presents a hybrid magnetic current sensor for galvanically isolated measurements. It consists of a CMOS chip that senses the magnetic field generated by current flowing through a lead-frame-based current rail. Hall plates and coils are used to sense low-frequency (dc to 10 kHz) and high-frequency (10 kHz to 5 MHz) magnetic fields...

Driver Circuit Design for a New Eddy Current Sensor in Displacement Measurement of Active Magnetic Bearing Systems

Position sensing is one of the crucial parts of the active magnetic bearing (AMB) system. The printed circuit board (PCB) eddy current position sensor is a new type of position sensor for the AMB system, which makes a compact structure, high sensing quality, and is low cost. In this article, an improved driver circuit is proposed for this new...

A 2.5-μW Beyond-the-Rails Current Sensor With a Tunable Voltage Reference and ±0.6% Gain Error From −40 ◦C to +85 ◦C

This letter presents a low-power, fully integrated current sensor for Coulomb-counting. It employs a hybrid delta–sigma modulator ( ΔΣM ) with an FIR-DAC to digitize the voltage drop across a shunt. The modulator’s first stage consists of a capacitively coupled chopper amplifier, which enables a beyond-the-rails (−0.3 to 5 V) input common...

A 200-μW Interface for High-Resolution Eddy-Current Displacement Sensors

This article presents a low-power eddy-current sensor interface for touch applications. It is based on a bang-bang digital phase-locked loop (DPLL) that converts the displacement of a metal target into digital information. The PLL consists of a digitally controlled oscillator (DCO) built around a sensing coil and a capacitive DAC, a...

Design and fabrication of a measurement system for braking rheostat losses

Today, 60% of the European mainline railway network is electrified with 80% of total traffic. It will further increase driven by The Trans-European Transport Network (TEN-T) and sustainability initiatives. As electricity consumption by railway networks increases, quantification of rail transport’s actual energy consumption is essential....

A PLL-based eddy current displacement sensor for button applications

This thesis presents an Eddy current sensor (ECS) for button readout applications. By employing a Phase-locked loop to perform a frequency readout, it was possible to significantly reduce the power consumption of the interface while achieving resolutions comparable to prior arts making it a more suitable solution for portable applications. The...

Integrated CMOS Current Sensing Systems for Coulomb Counters

Coulomb counting is a widely used method to estimate battery state-of-charge (SoC). It involves measuring and integrating the battery’s current to determine its net charge flow.

CMOS Wide-Bandwidth Magnetic Sensors for Contactless Current Measurements

This Ph.D. dissertation describes the theory and realization of wide-bandwidth magnetic sensors for current measurements which breach the conventional offset and noise constraints in CMOS processes. These are achieved by several circuit-level and system-level innovations, including the use of three orthogonal ripple reduction loops (RRLs) in...

Current Sensor with CAN Interface and Capacitive Tire Wear Sensor

This thesis covers the research, design process and testing of a new current sensor for the Nuon Solar Team. Hall effect and magnetoresistive based current sensors are investigated and compared to a shunt resistor<br/>based current sensor. It will become clear that for the needs of the Nuon Solar Team, a shunt resistor based current sensor is...

Nuna Car Sensor System - Current Sensor

The aim of this thesis is to design a high precision current sensor for the Nuna solar car. A shunt based current sensor was chosen and a circuit is designed based on this method. In order to improve the accuracy a temperature compensation is needed.<br/>

A ± 12-A High-Side Current Sensor With 25 V Input CM Range and 0.35% Gain Error From −40 °C to 85 °C

This letter presents the most accurate shunt-based high-side current sensor ever reported. It achieves a 25 V input common-mode range from a single 1.8-V supply by using a beyond-the-rails ADC. A hybrid analog/digital temperature compensation scheme is proposed to simplify the circuit implementation while maintaining the state-of-the-art...

Humidity Sensitivity and Coil Design of a High-Precision Eddy-Current Displacement Sensor

Unlike capacitive displacement sensors, Eddy-Current Displacement Sensors (ECDSs) possess an inherently low sensitivity to environmental conditions, such as the humidity of the ambient air. By elevating the excitation frequency it is possible to mitigate their major limitations regarding stability and resolution, making them of interest for high...

Self-powered Wireless Current Sensor: Proof of concept: continuous current measurement and energy extraction using one Current Transformer

Due to changes in the electricity grid, and the awareness of the energy consumption, management of energy flows is an important business. For the management of energy flows, detailed information about the current flow is needed. For the integration of current sensors in the grid there is a need for non-invasive current sensors that are easy to...

Estimation of the Lateral Force, acting at the Tire Contact Patch of a Vehicle Wheel, using a Hub Bearing Unit instrumented with Strain Gauges and Eddy-current Sensors

Load Sensing Bearing (LSB) units are based on the measurement of the elastic deformation of the outer ring of the bearing unit usually using strain gauges which are placed along the circumference of the bearing. The master thesis is aimed at estimating the lateral tire force of a vehicle wheel using the vehicle wheel bearing hub unit which is...