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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Mehta, D. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)We present an effective design of a hydraulic, polymetallic nodule collector, which fundamentally depends on the Coandă effect in harvesting nodules. The design was first developed based on 2D numerical simulations conducted using a computational fluid dynamics tool, ANSYS FLUENT. Following that, the design was tested in full-scale experiments,...journal article 2023
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)To date, hydraulic collection is the most widely considered technology in polymetallic-nodule mining, since there is no direct contact between hydraulic collectors and ocean floor. To construct a hydraulic collector that results in the least sediment disturbance, it is critical to develop an insightful understanding of the interaction between...journal article 2023
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Huang, Ziyang (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)We have developed and investigated a hydrodynamic model of Deep-Sea Mining (DSM) collector turbidity flows that captures sediment particle aggregation and breakup. Flocculation is expected to have a significant impact on determining the spread patterns of the turbidity flows and the resulting turbidity currents. The recently validated drift...journal article 2023
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- Roelofsen, Floris (author) master thesis 2022
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Doorn, Floris (author)In recent decades, a significant amount of the research into deep sea polymetallic nodule mining has been conducted on the collecting vehicle and the riser system accommodating transport from the seabed to the mining support vessel. <br/>The topside operation, however, is less commonly described in the literature. This part of the operation...master thesis 2022
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), van Rhee, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Renewable energy installations and energy storage solutions require significant quantities of critical raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and rare earth metals. The supply chains of these raw materials face many difficulties, such as the continuous decrease of mineral ore grades on land. In view of these complications, the motivation to...journal article 2022
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de Hoog, E. (author), van Wijk, J. M. (author), Talmon, A.M. (author), van Rhee, C. (author)Density wave amplification in hydraulic transport pipelines forms a high risk to operational continuity, as density waves can lead to system blockages or centrifugal pump drive failures. Recent experimental research, in pipelines which contain long vertical sections, has shown that density waves can amplify at velocities far exceeding the...journal article 2022
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Ali, W. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Kirichek, Alex (author), Chassagne, C. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Flocculation between inorganic sediment, salt ions and microscopic organic<br/>matter present in the marine environment might play an important role in the<br/>dynamics of turbidity currents. The ability to predict, understand, and potentially<br/>leverage the effect of flocculation on turbidity currents will help to minimize the<br/>impact of...journal article 2022
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), de Jonge, Laurens (author), Boomsma, W.B.A. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Polymetallic nodules are potato-sized rock accretions that form on vast areas of the abyssal plains of the global ocean. These nodules are rich in commercially precious metals, such as nickel, cobalt and copper, making them a target for potential future deep-sea exploitation. Generally, polymetallic nodules are partially buried in the seabed...conference paper 2022
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Helmons, R.L.J. (author)There is an expected increase in demand of critical raw materials, e.g. nickel and cobalt, mainly driven by the shift towards renewable energy solutions and the increase in production of electric vehicles. That trend has raised the interests for the mining of polymetallic nodules. The most extensive nodule depostions are found on the abyssal...conference paper 2022
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Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author)Owing to the absence of direct contact between hydraulic polymetallic-nodule collectors and seabed, hydraulic collection is deemed, from an environmental point of view, the most preferred technique in nodule mining. To design a hydraulic collector that results in minimum sediment disturbance, it is crucial to develop a solid understanding of the...conference paper 2022
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Weaver, P. P.E. (author), Aguzzi, J. (author), Boschen-Rose, R. E. (author), Colaço, A. (author), de Stigter, H. (author), Gollner, S. (author), Haeckel, M. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Thomsen, L. (author)Deep-sea mining may be just a few years away and yet society is struggling to assess the positive aspects, such as increasing the supply of metals for battery production to fuel the green revolution, versus the potentially large environmental impacts. Mining of polymetallic (manganese) nodules from the deep ocean is likely to be the first...journal article 2022
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Ali, W. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Kirichek, Alex (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), Chassagne, C. (author)For green energy transition, the industry seeks alternative resources for nickel and cobalt, the main ingredients for energy storage devices and other applications. Polymetallic nodules lying at the abyssal plain are rich in these mineral resources, which leads to an increased interest in deep-sea mining (DSM) of polymetallic nodules. During the...conference paper 2022
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Bedón Vásquez, A.A. (author), Enthoven, D.H.B. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author)Renewable energy installations and energy storage solutions require a significant amount of critical raw materials such as nickel, cobalt and rare earth elements. The supply chains of these raw materials face many challenges, e.g., these materials are often found at lower grades on land. These complications motivate the search for new resources....conference paper 2022
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Wijmans, Yannick (author)Recently, deep-sea mining has acquired renewed interest from commercial companies due to a rise in the demand of minerals and metals. Deep-sea mining is focussed on different minerals and rare earth elements found in the oceans that are increasingly used in the manufacturing of goods and products related to renewable energy. In order to collect...master thesis 2021
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Huang, Ziyang (author)To meet energy demand towards a low-carbon future, the global market demand is growing for metals such as cobalt and nickel which are major elements in batteries. Polymetallic nodules, which are formed on abyssal plains at depths ranging from 4 to 6 kilometres and are distributed in high abundance on the top of the seabed, contains several times...master thesis 2021
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Enthoven, dolf (author)Due to the increased demand for materials like cobalt and nickel, there is an interest to mine polymetallic nodules from the deep-sea. These nodules are abundantly distributed along the abyssal plains, e.g., the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the North East Pacific. These nodules lay spread on top of a seabed consisting of very fine clayey...master thesis 2021
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Broeren, Margo (author)Deep sea mining is an upcoming industry that comes with many unknowns. One of these uncertainties is the interaction between the deep sea mining collector and the seabed. Allseas collaborates with DeepGreen Metals to collect nodules in the Clarion Clipperton Zone (CCZ) in the Pacific Ocean. The CCZ seabed consists of a very soft cohesive soil....master thesis 2021
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Elerian, M.F.A.I. (author), Alhaddad, S.M.S. (author), Helmons, R.L.J. (author), van Rhee, C. (author)The interest in polymetallic nodule mining has considerably increased in the last few decades. This has been largely driven by population growth and the need to move towards a green future, which requires strategic raw materials. Deep-Sea Mining (DSM) is a potential source of such key materials. While harvesting the ore from the deep sea by a...journal article 2021
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Zoetmulder, Luuk (author)Over the last decade, interest in deep-sea mining of Polymetallic Nodules (PN) has reignited. It is driven by an increasing demand of metals that are critical for the digital economy and modern technologies such as batteries. Methods for resource estimation of PN are known and commercially available. There is however no standard method of a...master thesis 2020