On the toe stability of rubble mound structures

Toe design is an important task for coastal engineers as it ensures the stability of the main armor layer and prevents scour in front of the armor slope. Several laboratory experiments have been conducted to investigate the toe stability using different testing approaches, i.e. damage due to a single test condition and cumulative damage due...

Influence of toe berm geometry on stability of reshaping berm breakwaters

Reshaping berm breakwaters have been mainly designed and built for water depth less than 20 m. In such conditions, a toe structure may be needed to reduce bottom settlements and increase geotechnical stability in the loose subsoil condition. Also, a toe berm can be deployed to reduce the berm recession and increase the stability of the...

Neural network-based formula for shear capacity prediction of one-way slabs under concentrated loads

According to the current codes and guidelines, shear assessment of existing reinforced concrete slab bridges sometimes leads to the conclusion that the bridge under consideration has insufficient shear capacity. The calculated shear capacity, however, does not consider the transverse redistribution capacity of slabs, and thus leads to overly...

ANN-Based Shear Capacity of Steel Fiber-Reinforced Concrete Beams without Stirrups

Comparing experimental results of the shear capacity of steel fiber-reinforced concrete (SFRC) beams without stirrups to the capacity predicted using current design equations and other available formulations shows that predicting the shear capacity of SFRC beams without mild steel shear reinforcement is still difficult. The reason for this...

Validation and Optimization of a Design Formula for Stable Geometrically Open Filter Structures

Granular filters are used for protection against scour and erosion of base material. For a proper functioning it is necessary that at the interfaces between the filter structure, the subsoil and the water flowing above the filter structure no material will be transported. Different types of granular filters can be distinguished, this paper...

The Effect of Multiple Storms on the Stability of Near-Bed Structures

Pipeline covers on the seabed are called near-bed structures which are generally made of rip rap. The crest height of a near-bed structure is such that waves do not break over it. Near-bed structures are used to protect pipelines against fishing equipment, ship anchors, dropped objects and preventing destabilizing of the pipeline. There are two...

Stability of open filter structures

Granular filters are used for protection against scour and erosion. For a proper functioning it is necessary that interfaces between the filter structure, the subsoil and the water flowing above the filter structure are stable. Stability means that there is no transport of subsoil material through the filter to the water above the filter, and...

Theory Review for Cylindrical Shells and Parametric Study of Chimneys and Tanks

The design of upright breakwaters

The historical development of upright breakwaters in Japan is briefly reviewed as an introduction. Various wave pressure formulas for vertical walls are discussed, and then the design formulas currently employed in Japan are presented with an example of calculation. Several design factors are also discussed.