Financial feasibility of large-scale adaptation strategies for future SLR in northern Europe: NEED vs dike reinforcement

The effects of climate change are felt all around the world. An increased sea level goes hand in hand with an increased risk of flooding. To combat this, the coastlines must be reinforced to withstand future sea levels. However, repeatedly reinforcing coastlines to keep up with the sea level rise (SLR) could prove extremely costly. An...

Overtopping hazard reduction at Churchill Barriers, Scotland

Churchill Barriers, a series of four causeways in Orkney Islands, Scotland were constructed during Second World War and now serve and a critical link for South Ronaldsay and Burray to the Orkney Mainland. Due to their location and design, causeways are exposed to storm waves generated in the North Sea. During coastal storms, some waves are able...

Flood risk reduction interventions for the New York City subway system: A research on the impact of storm surge and sea level rise on the safety against flooding in urban delta's

On 29 October 2012 hurricane Sandy hit the coast of New York City. This category 1 hurricane had a devastating effect: large parts of the city were flooded and the city was out of business for several days. An estimated total damage of $41.9 billion had occurred of which $5 billion in account of the metro system. The largest damage was to the...