Institutional enablers and barriers towards social resilience: A case study in Rotterdam Bospolder-Tussendijken

Solutions to contemporary urban challenges are increasingly the outcome of the complex interactions between formal and informal actors that take part in a variety of networks. Resilience-thinking has become a global popular perspective for the governance of urban systems, concerning the ability of communities to deal with urban challenges, that...

Reconnect Green and Blue Highways of Nature Flows: A new urban landscape for renewable energy systems and biodiversity in Rotterdam

Renewable energy is beneficial to human life. According to the International Renewable Energy Agency, renewable energy provides not only environmental benefits but also societal advantages, namely lower carbon emissions/ reducing air pollution and employment. However, these systems require a substantial scale of infrastructures which take up...

Persistent Architecture

Since the dawn of the early twentieth century, there has been a strong emphasis in the architectural discourse on defining an idea of how a building is intended to be used. This has resulted in a tendency in contemporary architectural practice of capturing the use of a building in a strictly defined programme. This programme is an illusion...